Evidence basedlearningangloslides

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Looking for Excellence in ELT
through Evidence-based Teaching
Carol Lethaby
clethaby@clethaby.com
clethaby.com
@clethaby

•Evidence-based teaching?

Why focus on research and evidence?
•We may be underusing strategies that have
been shown to be effective
•We may be (over...

Where is the evidence?
Dunlosky, J., Rawson, K.A., Marsh, E.J., Nathan, M.J. &
Willingham, D.T. (2013). Improving students...

Roediger, H. L., & Pyc, M. A. (2012). Inexpensive
techniques to improve education: Applying cognitive
psychology to enhanc...

Which of these strategies have you ever used
as a teacher (or learner  )?
•Work in pairs.
•Talk about the ones you have u...

Common learning techniques
• 1 Highlight and underline as you read.
• 2 Write a summary of a text in order to help you lea...

Highlighting and underlining 1
•Using highlighting and underlining as you read
•Rating: Low usefulness – doesn’t seem to
i...

Summarizing 2
• Writing a summary of a to-be-learned text
• Rating: Low usefulness - hard to teach learners to do
it and r...

Visualize what you are reading 3
•Imagery use for text learning: form mental images of
text material you are learning
•Rat...

Mnemonics 4
• The keyword technique: making associations with
first and second language
• Rating: Low usefulness; not univ...

Re-Reading 5
•Re-reading: reading a text again
•Rating: Low usefulness; time could be better
spent

OK ….
…. So what does work?

Evidence-based strategies:
•1 Elaborative interrogation
•2 Self-explanation
•3 Distributed practice
•4 Interleaved practic...

Elaborative interrogation
Explaining why something is true
“Why?”
“Why is this true?”
“Why is this the case here, but not ...

Research
• “Elaborative interrogation enhances learning
by supporting the integration of new
information with existing pri...

•“moderate utility” Dunlosky et al (2013)

•Can this evidence-based
strategy be applied to ELT?

Elaborative interrogation
• Ask questions about grammar rules and
compare different structures
• Make connections between ...

Self-explanation
• Explaining features of your own learning to
yourself
“ How does it relate to what I already know?”
“Wha...

Research
• Encourages learners to actively process
content and relate it to what they already
know
• “self-explanation can...

•Can this evidence-based
strategy be applied to ELT?

Self- explanation
•Reading and listening comprehension tasks –
How did I find the answers?
•Student explains thought-proce...

Distributed/spaced practice
•spreading out practice activities over time

• This “is one of the most
general and robust effects
from across the entire history
of experimental research on
learning ...

Research
• Studies in L2 vocabulary learning e.g. Bloom
& Shuell (1981); Bahrick et al (1993)
• Nation (2014:29) on the us...

•Can this evidence-based
strategy be applied to ELT?

Distributed/spaced practice
•Recycle vocabulary with increasingly greater
time spaces
•Don’t do the freer practice activit...

Interleaved practice
•mixing up different practice activities in a
single session
✗AAA BBB CCC
✔ABC CBA BCA

Research
• Can improve brain’s ability to tell
concepts apart, lead to better transfer of
skills and greater retention
• “...

•Can this evidence-based
strategy be applied to ELT?

Interleaved practice
• Mix language & skills practice up in class – don’t be
too predictable
• Jumble up practice of langu...

Practice testing
• Practice testing: low/ no stakes and self-testing
• Rating: High usefulness – overwhelmingly shows
impr...

• Retrieval practice - (via self testing) for durable
learning;
• Having tests interspersed with learning – good for
long ...

•Can this evidence-based
strategy be applied to ELT?

Practice testing
•Applications to ELT: vocab tests,
test yourself, practice tests
•formative assessment and
continuous ass...

From: English ID 1 by Seligson, Lethaby and Gontow Richmond Publishing

From: English ID 1 by Seligson, Lethaby and Gontow Richmond Publishing

From: English ID 1 by Seligson, Lethaby and Gontow Richmond Publishing

From:JustRight(SecondEdition)by
Lethaby,AcevedoandHarmerCengage
/NGL

Evidence-based strategies:
•1 Elaborative interrogation
•2 Self-explanation
•3 Distributed practice
•4 Interleaved practic...

Conclusions
•Evidence-based strategies exist – we should be
aware of them – and what the research says
•We already do a lo...

Looking for Excellence in ELT
through Evidence-based Teaching
Carol Lethaby
clethaby@clethaby.com
clethaby.com
@clethaby

Coe et al (2014:18)

• References
• Arbuthnott, K.D., & Krätzig, G.P (2014) Effective teaching: sensory learning styles versus general memory
p...

• Nation, I.S.P. (2001) Learning Vocabulary in Another Language CUP
• Nation, P. (2014) What do you need to know to learn ...

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