Microservices Docker Kubernetes Istio Kanban DevOps SRE

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Microservices
Architecture
Building Cloud Native Apps
Design Patterns, Containers,
Kubernetes, Istio, Kafka,
Saga – Distri...

2Slides are color coded based on the topic colors.
Microservices
Containers &
Kubernetes, Kafka
1
Infrastructure Patterns
...

MICROSERVICES
• CONCEPTS
• WHEN SHOULD YOU USE MICROSERVICES?
• WHAT’S THE RIGHT SIZE?
• ARCHITECTURE (INFRATRUCTURE AND S...

4Source: https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/kubernetes-comic/

Pioneers in Microservices Implementation
01-04-2019 5
New Entrants

6
100s Microservices
1,000s Releases / Day
10,000s Virtual Machines
100K+ User actions / Second
81 M Customers Globally
1 ...

7
50M Paid Subscribers
100M Active Users
60 Countries
Cross Functional Team
Full, End to End ownership of features
Autonom...

Microservices definition
4/1/2019 8
In short, the microservice architectural style is an approach to
developing a single a...

Microservices Characteristics
9
We can scale our operation independently, maintain
unparalleled system availability, and i...

When should I use them (Microservices)?
01-04-2019 10
• Strong Module Boundaries:
Microservices reinforce modular
structur...

What is the right size for a Microservice?
01-04-2019 11
• Rather than the size what matters is the Business Function /
Do...

Microservices Architecture / Design Patterns
01-04-2019 12
• API Gateway
• Service Discovery
• Load Balancer
• Config Serv...

13
Monolithic vs. Microservices Example
Traditional Monolithic App using
Single Technology Stack
Micro Services with Multi...

01-04-2019 14
SOA vs. Microservices Example
Traditional Monolithic App with SOA
Micro Services with Multiple Technology St...

Microservices Deployment Model
Microservices with Multiple Technology Stack – Software Stack for Networking
Event Stream /...

Shopping Portal – Docker / Kubernetes – Network Stack
/ui
/productms
Load Balancer
Ingress
Deployment / Replica / Pod Node...

17
Source:https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/kubernetes-comic/
Each one of the
Microservices can now be
• Debugged...

18
Source:https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/kubernetes-comic/

19Source: https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/kubernetes-comic/

20
12FactorAppMethodology
4 Backing Services Treat Backing services like DB, Cache as attached resources
5 Build, Release,...

Catalogues of Microservices
4/1/2019 21
System Z Model From Spotify
• Different types of Components Z Supports
• Libraries...

Pros
1. Adds Complexity
2. Skillset shortage
3. Confusion on getting the
right size
4. Team need to manage
end-to-end of t...

Monolithic > Microservices
• FORRESTER RESEARCH
• MODERNIZATION JOURNEY
• ASSESS AND CLASSIFY YOUR APP PORTFOLIO
• PLAN AN...

Conway’s Law
4/1/2019
(C)COPYRIGHTMETAMAGICGLOBALINC.,NEWJERSEY,USA
24
Any Organization that designs a system
(defined bro...

* For IT Services : They can do one more project of same size with ZERO COST in Platform Licensing (Based on 20 developer ...

Scale Cube and Micro Services
4/1/2019 26
1. Y Axis Scaling – Functional Decomposition : Business Function as a Service
2....

Modernization Journey
4/1/2019 27
 Start new features as Microservices
Incrementally establish the success early.
 Expos...

Assess and Classify your App Portfolio
4/1/2019 28
 Take inventory of your Apps
Classify the Apps based on
technology, co...

Plan and Prioritize
4/1/2019 29
Complexity Cost Value Score Rank
Weightage 35% 25% 40%
Customer
Med
3
Med
3
Low
1
2.20
7
6...

Monolithic to Microservices Summary
4/1/2019 30
1. Classify your Apps into Following areas
1. Lift and Shit
2. Containeriz...

Containers & Kubernetes
• DOCKER CONTAINERS
• KUBERNETES – CONTAINER ORCHESTRATION
• ISTIO – TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT / NETWORK ...

Servers / Virtual Machines / Containers
Hardware
OS
BINS / LIB
App
1
App
2
App
3
Server
Hardware
Host OS
HYPERVISOR
App 1 ...

Docker containers are Linux Containers
CGROUPS
NAME
SPACES
Copy on
Write
DOCKER
CONTAINER
• Kernel Feature
• Groups Proces...

Linux Kernel
34
HOST OS (Ubuntu)
Client
Docker Daemon
Cent OS
Alpine
Debian
LinuxKernel
Host Kernel
Host Kernel
Host Kerne...

Docker DaemonDocker Client
How Docker works….
$ docker search ….
$ docker build ….
$ docker container create ..
Docker Hub...

Kubernetes Key Concepts
4/1/2019
(C)COPYRIGHTMETAMAGICGLOBALINC.,NEWJERSEY,USA
36
o Declarative Model
Infrastructure as a ...

Deployment – Updates and rollbacks, Canary Release
D
ReplicaSet – Self Healing, Scalability, Desired State
R
Worker Node 1...

Service Mesh – Sidecar Design Pattern
01-04-2019 38
CB – Circuit Breaker
LB – Load Balancer
SD – Service Discovery
Microse...

Shopping Portal
/ui
/productms
/auth
/order
Gateway
Virtual Service
Deployment / Replica / Pod NodesIstio Sidecar - Envoy
...

Shopping Portal
/ui
/productms
/auth
/order
Gateway
Virtual Service
Deployment / Replica / Pod NodesIstio Sidecar - Envoy
...

Shopping Portal
/ui
/productms
/auth
/order
Gateway
Virtual Service
Deployment / Replica / Pod NodesIstio Sidecar - Envoy
...

Shopping Portal
/ui
/productms
/auth
/order
Gateway
Virtual Service
Deployment / Replica / Pod NodesIstio Sidecar - Envoy
...

43
Shopping Portal
/ui
/productms
/auth
/order
Gateway
Virtual Service
Deployment / Replica / Pod NodesIstio Sidecar - Env...

Container & Kubernetes Summary
4/1/2019 44
1. Containers are NOT Virtual Machines
2. Containers are isolated area in the O...

Kafka
• CONCEPTS : QUEUES / PUB – SUB / EVENT STREAMING
• WHY IS IT DIFFERENT FROM TRADITIONAL MESSAGE QUEUES?
• DATA STOR...

Kafka Core Concepts
01-04-2019 46
Publish & Subscribe
Read and write streams of data
like a messaging system
Process
Write...

Traditional Queue / Pub-Sub Vs. Kafka
01-04-2019 47
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8
7
9 Consumer 1
Consumer 2
Consumer 3
Queues
Data...

Anatomy of a Topic
01-04-2019 48
Source : https://kafka.apache.org/intro
• A Topic is a category or feed name to which
rec...

01-04-2019 49
Partition Log Segment
• Partition (Kafka’s Storage unit) is Directory of Log
Files.
• A partition cannot be ...

01-04-2019 50
Kafka Cluster – Topics & Partitions
• The partitions of the log are distributed over the servers in the Kafk...

01-04-2019
51
Record Commit Process
Broker 1
Leader
Topic 1
Broker 2
Follower
Producer
Consumer
2
2
Commit
3
ack
• Each pa...

01-04-2019 52
Replication 6
3.2
m1
m2
m3
L(A)
m1
m2
F(B)
m1
F(C)ISR = (A, B, C)
Leader A commits Message
m1. Message m2 & ...

LinkedIn Kafka Cluster
01-04-2019 53
Brokers60
Partitions50K
Messages / Second800K
MB / Second inbound300
MB / Second Outb...

Uber Kafka Cluster
01-04-2019 54
Topics10K+
Events / Second11M
Petabytes of Data1PB+

Kafka Summary
4/1/2019 55
1. Combined Best of Queues and Pub / Sub
Model.
2. Data Durability
3. Fastest Messaging Infrastr...

4/1/2019 56
Architecture & Design Patterns
• I N F R A ST R U C T U R E D ES I G N PAT T E R N S
• C A PA B I L I T Y C E ...

4/1/2019 57
Infrastructure Design Patterns
• API GATEWAY
• LOAD BALANCER
• SERVICE DISCOVERY
• CIRCUIT BREAKER
• SERVICE A...

API Gateway Design Pattern
58
UILayer
WS
BL
DL
Database
Shopping Cart
Order
Customer
Product
Firewall
Users
API Gateway
Lo...

Load Balancer Design Pattern
59
Firewall
Users
API Gateway
Load
Balancer
CircuitBreaker
UILayer
WebServices
BusinessLogic
...

Service Discovery – NetFlix Network Stack Model
60
Firewall
Users
API Gateway
LoadBalancer
CircuitBreaker
Product
Product
...

Service Discovery – Kubernetes Model
Kubernetes
Objects
Firewall
Service Call
Kube DNS
61
Users
Sports 1
Sports 2
Sports 3...

Circuit Breaker Pattern
/ui
/productms
If Product Review is not
available Product service
will return the product
details ...

Service Aggregator Pattern
/newservice
Reverse Proxy Server
Ingress
Deployment / Replica / Pod Nodes
Kubernetes
Objects
Fi...

Music UI
4/1/2019 64
Play Count
Discography
Albums

Service Aggregator Pattern
/artist
Reverse Proxy Server
Ingress
Deployment / Replica / Pod Nodes
Kubernetes
Objects
Firewa...

Software Network Stack Vs Network Stack
4/1/2019 66
Pattern Software Stack Java Software Stack .NET Kubernetes
1 API Gatew...

Let-it-Crash Design Pattern – Erlang Philosophy
4/1/2019 67
• The Erlang view of the world is that everything is a process...

Let-it-Crash Design Pattern
4/1/2019 68
1. The idea of Messages as the first class citizens of a system, has been
rediscov...

Let-it-Crash : Comparison Erlang Vs. Microservices Vs. Monolithic Apps
69
Erlang Philosophy Micro Services Architecture Mo...

Infrastructure Design Patterns Summary
4/1/2019 70
1. API Gateway
2. Service Discovery
3. Load Balancer
4. Circuit Breaker...

CAPABILITY CENTRIC DESIGN
• BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
• BUSINESS PROCESS
• TEAM STRUCTURE
4/1/2019 71

Business Solution & Business Process
4/1/2019 72
 Business Solution focuses the entire Journey of the User which
can run ...

4/1/2019 73
Capability Centric Design
Vertically sliced Product Team
Business Centric Development
• Focus on Business Capa...

74
From
Project Based
Activity
Oriented
To
Product Based
Outcome
Oriented
Source: Sriram Narayan– https://martinfowler.com...

Capability Centric Design Summary
4/1/2019 75
1. Business Solutions
2. Business Process
3. Business Capabilities
4. Busine...

4/1/2019
(C)COPYRIGHTMETAMAGICGLOBALINC.,NEWJERSEY,USA
76
Software Design Patterns
• DOMAIN DRIVEN DESIGN
• EVENT SOURCING...

4/1/2019 77
Domain Driven Design
• STRATEGIC: BOUNDED CONTEXT, UBIQUITOUS LANGUAGE
• TACTICAL DESIGN: ENTITIES, AGGREGATE ...

DDD: Bounded Context – Strategic Design
01-04-2019 78
• Bounded Context is a Specific Business Process / Concern.
• Compon...

DDD: App User’s Journey & Bounded Context
4/1/2019
79
An App User’s Journey can run across
multiple Bounded Context / Micr...

4/1/2019 80
Ubiquitous
Language
Vocabulary shared by
all involved parties
Used in all forms of spoken /
written communicat...

01-04-2019 81
Hexagonal Architecture
Ports & Adapters
The layer between the Adapter and
the Domain is identified as the Po...

Layered Architecture
01-04-2019 82
• Explicit Domain Models – Isolate your models from UI, Business
Logic.
• Domain Object...

4/1/2019 83
Domain Driven Design – Tactical Design
Source: Domain-Driven Design Reference by Eric Evans

DDD: Understanding Aggregate Root
84
Order
Customer
Shipping
Address
Aggregate
Root
Line Item
Line Item
Line Item
*
Paymen...

DDD: Domain Events & Integration Events
01-04-2019 85
1. Domain Events represent something happened in a specific Domain.
...

4/1/2019 86
Shopping Portal Modules – Code Packaging
Auth Products Cart OrderCustomer
Domain Layer
• Models
• Repo
• Servi...

4/1/2019 87
DDD: Use Case Order Module
Models
Value Object
• Currency
• Item Value
• Order Status
• Payment Type
• Record ...

Procedural Design Vs. Domain Driven Design
88
1. Anemic Entity Structure
2. Massive IF Statements
3. Entire Logic resides ...

Polymorphic Business Logic inside a Domain object
01-04-2019 89
Domain Driven Design with Java EE 6
By Adam Bien | Javawor...

Type Specific Computation in a Sub Class
90
We can change the
computation of the shipping
cost of a Bulky Item without
tou...

Object Construction : Procedural Way Vs. Builder Pattern
91
Procedural Way Builder Pattern
Source: http://www.javaworld.co...

Domain Driven Design Summary
4/1/2019 92
1. Strategic Patterns
1. Bounded Context
2. Ubiquitous Language
2. Tactical Patte...

4/1/2019 93
Event Storming
• EVENT SOURCING / CQRS
• CASE STUDY: SHOPPING PORTAL
• CASE STUDY: RESTAURANT APP
• CASE STUDY...

Mind Shift : From Object Modeling to Process Modeling
4/1/2019 94
Developers with Strong Object Modeling experience
will h...

95
Process
• Define your Business Processes. Eg. Various aspects of Order
Processing in an E-Commerce Site, Movie Ticket B...

Event Sourcing & CQRS (Command and Query Responsibility Segregation)
• In traditional data management systems, both
comman...

4/1/2019 98
Case Study: Restaurant Dining – Event Sourcing and CQRS
Order Payment
• Add Drinks
• Add Food
• Update Food
Co...

Case Study: Shopping Site – Event Sourcing / CQRS
4/1/2019 99
Catalogue Shopping Cart Order Payment
• Search Products
• Ad...

Case Study: Movie Booking – Event Sourcing / CQRS
4/1/2019 100
Order Payment
• Search Movies
• Add Movies
• Update Movies
...

Case Study: Movie Streaming – Event Sourcing / CQRS
4/1/2019 101
Subscription Payment
• Search Movies
• Add Movies
• Updat...

Event Sourcing & CQRS Summary
4/1/2019 102
1. Process
Ex. Various aspects of Order Processing in an E-Commerce Site, Movie...

4/1/2019 103
Reactive Programming
• BUILDING BLOCKS: OBSERVABLE, OBSERVER, SCHEDULER, OPERATOR
• COMPARISON: ITERABLE (JAV...

4/1/2019 104
Functional Reactive Programming: 4 Building Blocks of RxJava
Source of Data Stream [ Sender ]Observable1
List...

4/1/2019 105
Comparison : Iterable / Streams / Observable 1Building Block
First Class Visitor (Consumer)
Serial Operations...

4/1/2019 106
Rx 2 Java Operator : Filter / Sort / FlatMap 4Building
Block
Objective:
toSortedList() returns an Observable ...

Functional Reactive Programming Summary
4/1/2019 107
1. Observable
Source of the Data Stream
2. Observer
Listens to emitte...

4/1/2019 108
UI DESIGN PATTERNS
• TRADITIONAL PATTERNS: MVC, MVP, MVVM
• FLUX DESIGN PATTERN
• REDUX DESIGN PATTERNS

4/1/2019 109
UI DesignPatterns
MVC/ MVP/ MVVM
View
Controller
Model
Passes
calls To
Fire
Events
Manipulates
• The Controll...

4/1/2019 110
UI Design Patterns
Flux / Redux
ViewDispatcher
Every action is sent to all Stores via callbacks the
stores re...

4/1/2019 111
UI Design Patterns
Redux
Actions
• Simple JS Objects
• Contains Name of the
Action and Data
(Payload)
• Has N...

UI Design Pattern Summary
4/1/2019 112
1. MVC
2. MVP
3. MVVM
4. Flux
5. Redux
Redux is a much better pattern if you are bu...

4/1/2019 113
Distributed Transactions
• 2 PHASE COMMIT
• SAGA DESIGN PATTERN
• HANDLING INVARIANTS
• FORWARD RECOVERY

Distributed Transactions : 2 Phase Commit
2 PC or not 2 PC, Wherefore Art Thou XA?
01April2019
114
How does 2PC impact sca...

Scalability Best Practices : Lessons from
Best Practices Highlights
#1 Partition By Function
• Decouple the Unrelated Func...

4/1/2019 116
Distributed Tx: SAGA Design Pattern instead of 2PC
Long Lived Transactions (LLTs) hold on to DB resources for...

SAGA Design Pattern Features
4/1/2019 117
1. Backward Recovery (Rollback)
T1 T2 T3 T4 C3 C2 C1
Order Processing, Banking
T...

Handling Invariants – Monolithic to Micro Services
4/1/2019 118
In a typical Monolithic App
Customer Credit Limit info and...

4/1/2019 119
Use Case : Restaurant – Forward Recovery
Domain
The example focus on a
concept of a Restaurant
which tracks t...

Distributed Transaction Summary
4/1/2019 120
1. 2 Phase Commit
Doesn’t scale well in cloud environment
2. SAGA Design Patt...

4/1/2019 121
RESTful APIs
• STANDARDS
• API VERSIONING STANDARDS

4/1/2019 122
RESTful Guidelines
1. Endpoints as nouns, NOT verbs
Ex. /catalogues
/orders
/catalogues/products
and NOT
/get...

4/1/2019 123
RESTful Guidelines – Query Examples
Search All
Products
Search Products By
Catalogue ID
Search Products By
Ca...

4/1/2019 124
RESTful Guidelines – Query Examples
Two different
implementation
of same query

4/1/2019 125
# Name * Who Uses Pros Cons
1
Media Type Versioning
Accept:
Application/vnd.api.article+xml;
version=1.0
Med ...

Functional Reactive Programming Summary
4/1/2019 126
1. 2 Phase
Doesn’t scale well in cloud environment
2. Observer
Listen...

4/1/2019 127
Testing & Security
• TESTING STRATEGIES
• DOCKER SECURITY PRACTICES
• KUBERNETES SECURITY PRACTICES
3

4/1/2019 128
Testing Strategies
• UNIT TESTING
• COMPONENT TESTING
• INTEGRATION CONTRACT TESTING
• INTEGRATION TESTING

4/1/2019 129
Microservices Testing Strategies
Ubiquitous
Language
Domain
Expert
Analyst Developers
QA
Design
Docs
Test Cas...

4/1/2019 130
Microservices Testing Strategy
Unit Testing
A unit test exercises the
smallest piece of testable
software in ...

4/1/2019 131
Testing ToolsMicroservices Testing Scenarios / Tools
Contract Testing Scope
Integration Testing
Verifies the ...

Testing Strategy Summary
4/1/2019 132
1. Unit Testing
A unit test exercises the smallest piece of testable software.
2. Co...

4/1/2019 133
Security Best Practices
• DOCKER
• KUBERNETES

4/1/2019 134
Build Small Container Images
• Simple Java Web Apps with Ubuntu & Tomcat can have a size of
700 MB
• Use Alpi...

4/1/2019 135
Docker: To Root or Not to Root!
• Create Multiple layers of Images
• Create a User account
• Add Runtime soft...

4/1/2019 136
Docker: Container Security
1. Secure your HOST OS! Containers runs on Host Kernel.
2. No Runtime software dow...

4/1/2019 137
Kubernetes: Naked Pods
• Never use a Naked Pod, that is Pod without any
ReplicaSet or Deployments. Naked pods...

4/1/2019 138
Kubernetes: Namespace
default
Kube system
Kube public
Kubernetes Cluster• Group your Services / Pods / Traffi...

4/1/2019 139
Kubernetes: Pod Health Check
• Pod Health check is critical to increase the overall
resiliency of the network...

4/1/2019 140
Kubernetes: Resource Utilization
• For the Best Quality define the requests and limits
for your Pods.
• You c...

4/1/2019 141
Kubernetes: Pod Termination Lifecycle
• Make sure that the Application to Handle SIGTERM
message.
• You can u...

4/1/2019 142
Kubernetes: External Services
• There are systems that can be outside the Kubernetes
cluster like
• Databases...

4/1/2019 143
Kubernetes: Upgrade Cluster
• Make sure that the Master behind a Load Balancer.
• Upgrade Master
• Scale up t...

144
OPS
• AGILE: KANBAN
• ITSM / DEVOPS
• SRE
4

4/1/2019 145
Kanban
• BOARDS AND CARDS
• KANBAN VS SCRUM
• BENEFITS OF KANBAN

4/1/2019 146
What is Kanban
Kanban is a method for managing the creation of
products with an emphasis on
• continual deliv...

4/1/2019 147
Three Principles of Kanban
Source: https://resources.collab.net/agile-101/what-is-kanban
• Visualize what you...

4/1/2019 148
Kanban Release Cycles
Preparation
Requirements
Design
Development
Testing
Release
1 – 4 Weeks Cycle

4/1/2019 149
Kanban Boards and Cards

4/1/2019 150
Kanban vs. Scrum
Kanban Scrum
Roles &
Responsibilities
No prescribed roles
Pre-defined roles of Scrum master,...

4/1/2019 151
Benefits of Kanban
• Shorter cycle times can deliver features faster.
• Responsiveness to Change:
• When prio...

SITE RELIABILITY ENGINEERING
• ITIL – SERVICE LIFE CYCLE
• DEVOPS
• SRE CONCEPT
4/1/2019 152

ITIL – Service Life Cycle
153Source: https://www.flycastpartners.com/itil-service-lifecycle-guide/
• ITIL is a framework p...

Development & Operations
4/1/2019
(C)COPYRIGHTMETAMAGICGLOBALINC.,NEWJERSEY,USA
154
Development Team
Agility
Operations Te...

DevOps – Lean thinking
4/1/2019 155Source: Sanjeev Sharma, IBM, DevOps for Dummies
Systems of Records: Critical
Enterprise...

Shift Left – Operational Concerns
156
• Operations Concerns move earlier in software delivery life cycle, towards
developm...

Infrastructure as a Code
157
• Infrastructure as a Code is a
critical capability for DevOps
• This helps the organizations...

Stages of DevOps Delivery Pipeline
4/1/2019 158Source: Sanjeev Sharma, IBM, DevOps for Dummies
Application Release Managem...

5 Principles of DevOps (Philosophies)
159
Reduce
Organization
Silos
Accept
Failure as
Normal
Implement
Gradual
Change
Leve...

class SRE implements DevOps
4/1/2019 160

class SRE implements DevOps
161
Reduce
Organization
Silos
Accept
Failure as
Normal
Implement
Gradual
Change
Leverage Tooli...

Service Levels – SLI / SLO
162
SLI – Service Level Indicator
For Web sites:
SLI is a Percentage of requests
responded in g...

SRE – Concept
4/1/2019 163
 Bridge the Gap between Development & Operations
 Developers wants to ship features as fast a...

SRE – Responsibilities
4/1/2019 164
 Proactively monitor and review application performance
 Handle on-call and emergenc...

165
100s Microservices
1,000s Releases / Day
10,000s Virtual Machines
100K+ User actions / Second
81 M Customers Globally
...

4/1/2019 166
Design Patterns are
solutions to general
problems that
software developers
faced during software
development....

4/1/2019 167
Araf Karsh Hamid :
USA: +1 (973) 969-2921
India: +91.999.545.8627
Skype / LinkedIn / Twitter / Slideshare : a...

4/1/2019 168
References
1. Lewis, James, and Martin Fowler. “Microservices: A Definition of This New Architectural Term”, ...

4/1/2019 169
References
Domain Driven Design
16. Oct 27, 2012 What I have learned about DDD Since the book. By Eric Evans
...

4/1/2019 170
References
27. MSDN – Microsoft https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn568103.aspx
28. Martin Fowler : CQ...

4/1/2019 171
References – Microservices – Videos
41. Martin Fowler – Micro Services : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yko...

4/1/2019
(C)COPYRIGHTMETAMAGICGLOBALINC.,NEWJERSEY,USA
172
References – DevOps / SRE (Site Reliability Engineering)
58. Am...

4/1/2019 173
1. Simoorg : LinkedIn’s own failure inducer framework. It was designed to be easy to extend and
most of the i...

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