Ekotanjut

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Advanced Plant Ecology: Crops
Biodiversity

The diversity of agricultural
crops,
i.e. plant species used for the production of
foods, feedstuffs, and industrial prod...

 The cereal species, which have the greatest cultivation
area of all agricultural crops worldwide, in 2004 were
cultivate...

 During these last years, a slight
reduction of the growing area of
barley, rye, and oats was observed,
which shows that ...

 In the year 2004 the total world growing
area of oil seed crops was about 247 Mill.
Ha. From that are cultivated a relat...

 The grain legumes 72 mill Ha, occupied a
relative part of 38% dry beans (Phaseolus
vulgaris L.), 15% chick peas (Cicer a...

 Tuber roots covered 53 mill Ha, the greatest
parts of that were cultivated with potatoes
(Solanum tuberosum L.) (36%), c...

 For sugar production only two crops are
dominating worldwide—sugar cane (Saccharum
officinarum L.) and sugar beets (Beta...

An increased crop diversity exists in
medicinal, spice, and dye plants.
Most grow in the wild and collected
manually. A co...

 Product harvesting technology is
dependent on the product harvested
(leaves, respectively herbs, flowers,
seeds, or root...

 Cultivation of medicinal and spice plants is
not without risks. Many medicinal plants
still show the characteristics of ...

 The planting is also problematic; not all
can be sown directly, but have to be
transplanted. This need the technical
equ...

 Weed control represents a further major
problem. Herbicides have not yet been allowed,
so weed control has to be conduct...

Crops’ Diversity
 TABLE: Important Medicinal Plants Used as Leaf, Herb, Flower, Seed, and Root Drugs
 Plant species Engl...

Plant contents, one reason of diversity:
 • essential oils
 • alkaloids
 • flavonoids
 • cardio-effective glycosides
...

The effective ingredients of medicinal plants
are secondary metabolic products.
Only small amounts in plants, as
character...

Its variability within and between species
shown by phenolic compounds. The
diversity of phenolic acids is due to the
gene...

 Phenolic acids are the response of plants to
mechanical, chemical, or microbiological stress.
Compounds are formed after...

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