Four decades of forest degradation: Fire And oil palm expansion in ...

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David Gaveau, Douglas Sheil, Mohammad Salim, Husnayaen, Erik Meijaard
ASSOCIATION FOR TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
Mo...

Maritime Continent forms the largest rainy area on Earth, the largest
generator and redistributor of water vapor into the ...

Maritime Continent forms the largest rainy area on Earth, the
largest generator and redistributor of water vapor into the ...

In 2015, an El-Nino year, CO2 emitted by (mainly) land fires: 889 Tg
25% of emissions in 1997; equiv. 3 months of emission...

1973
Created with Landsat MSS
Gaveau et al. PlosOne 2014
76% (55.8 Mha) of Borneo
old-growth rainforest

Gaveau et al. 2014
And the era of industrial-scale
extractive industries began……………
1973
76% (55.8 Mha) of Borneo
old-grow...

Gaveau et al. 2014
And the era of industrial-scale
extractive industries began……………
First came selective logging
and the c...

Gaveau et al. 2014
And the era of industrial-scale
extractive industries began……………
First selective logging
1973
76% (55.8...

1980s: LOGGING, FIRE & PLANTATIONS
Indus. Plantations (oilpalm&pulpwood)
Intact forests
Forests degraded by ENSO fires
Sel...

1990s: LOGGING, FIRE&PLANTATIONS
Indus. Plantations (oilpalm&pulpwood)
Intact forests
Forests degraded by ENSO fires
Selec...

2000-2015: LOGGING, FIRE & PLANTATIONS
Gaveau et al. in review
Indus. Plantations (oilpalm&pulpwood)
Intact forests
Forest...

2000-2015: LOGGING, FIRE & PLANTATIONS
Gaveau et al. in review
Indus. Plantations (oilpalm&pulpwood)
Intact forests
Forest...

1990-2000: LOGGING, FIRE&PLANTATIONS
Gaveau et al. 2014
Indus. Plantations (oilpalm&pulpwood)
Intact forests
Forests degra...

1990-2000: LOGGING, FIRE&PLANTATIONS
Gaveau et al. 2014
Indus. Plantations (oilpalm&pulpwood)
Intact forests
Forests degra...

Gaveau et al. 2014
Annual Rainfall

1973
Created with Landsat MSS
Gaveau et al. PlosOne 2014
76% (55.8 Mha) of Borneo
rainforest

Gaveau et al. in review
2015
50% (37.3 Mha) rainforest remain
- 28% intact
- 22% logged
18.6 Mha lost

2000-2013: LOGGING, FIRE & PLANTATIONS
7 Mha burned (shrubs) 1 Mha indus. Pulpwood
18.6 Mha deforested
1973-2015
6 Mha ind...

DEFORESTATION AND OIL PALM DEVELOPMENT

DEFORESTATION AND OIL PALM DEVELOPMENT
Industrial oil palm expanded by 8 Mha since 1973,
of which 6 Mha were old-growth fo...

DEFORESTATION AND OIL PALM DEVELOPMENT
New plantations can either replace natural forests or avoid
deforestation by planti...

AreainMillionha(Mha)
5
4
3
2
1
0
Indonesian Borneo
Malaysian Borneo

AreainMillionha(Mha)
5
4
3
2
1
0
Indonesian Borneo
Malaysian Borneo

AreainMillionha(Mha)
5
4
3
2
1
0
3.3Mha
Indonesian Borneo
Malaysian Borneo

AreainMillionha(Mha)
5
4
3
2
1
0
Indonesian Borneo
Malaysian Borneo
>15yr
>5yr>10yr
1.5Mha

AreainMillionha(Mha)
5
4
3
2
1
0
Indonesian Borneo
Malaysian Borneo
>5yr
>10yr
>15yr
>20yr
>5yr>10yr
>15yr
1.5Mha
0.9Mha

Indonesian Borneo Malaysian Borneo3
2
1
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
AreainMillionha(Mha)
In Indonesian Borneo, a larger share of oil-pal...

56% 54%
34%
36%
Indonesian Borneo Malaysian Borneo
17% 16%
28%
17%
33%
23%
PROPORTION OF OIL PALM ESTABLISHED ON ALREADY C...

46% 43%
14%
4%
Indonesian Borneo Malaysian Borneo
50%
38%
57%
51%
ROLE OF OIL PALM IN TOTAL DEFORESTATION

CONCLUSION
The oil-palm plantation industry is the principle driver of the
loss of old-growth forest in Malaysian Borneo, ...

CONCLUSION
• Indonesian Borneo has experienced a steep increase in
rapid conversion to oil palm since 2005, and became the...

CONCLUSION
Though locally present for centuries, forest fires have
become the largest cause of forest loss in Borneo since...

THANK YOU
cifor.org
blog.cifor.org
ForestsTreesAgroforestry.org

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