Leszek Balcerowicz: Good and Bad Transformation

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Good and Bad Transformation
Leszek Balcerowicz
Warsaw School of Economics
Bratislava, June 2018

I. Institutions and Institutional Systems
Institutions are best conceived as variables– factors that take
various forms ac...

I. Institutions and Institutional Systems
• The level of implementation of the rules depends on their content.
The story o...

I. Institutions and Institutional Systems
• Let me now move from institutions to a institutional system (regime).
I define...

I. Institutions and Institutional Systems
• An important empirical question is which institutions in various
spheres of so...

II. Institutional Systems and Policies
I define policies as actions of policymakers which:
• Result in the change in the i...

II. Institutional Systems and Policies
• What policy is chosen from the set of policies allowed by a given
institutional s...

II. Institutional Systems and Policies
A radical change of the institutional system, especially in its key
dimension: the ...

• The institutional dynamics, i.e. the extend and direction of the change in
countries’ institutions, depends on their ini...

• Bad economic performance of the socialist dictatorship is clearly not a
sufficient reason for its quick transition towar...

• A highly decentralized systems allow massive bottom-up institutional
innovations in the way individual cooperate and int...

• In contrast to the highly centralized system, the highly decentralized
one produces good economic and non-economic outco...

IV. An Extended Typology of Institutional Systems
Democracy Civil Rights Rule of Law Economic freedom Fiscal stance
Exampl...

• The future shape of the economic system can be conceived as it the
resultant of two opposing forces: 1. The liberal: tho...

To move further one has to specify what determines the relative
strengthen of the liberal and anti-liberal forces over tim...

These variables interact in the short run. In the longer run some of
them influence the others. For example, an economic c...

• Speaking about the interest groups one must stress Olson’s important
contribution. First, he has shown in his path-break...

• First, there are some other forces than wars or revolutions that change the
composition and the relative strength of var...

• The improving economic situation reduces the pressure for liberal reforms and
may facilitate the anti-liberal policies. ...

• Economic improvement due to the non-policy factors (windfall
gains)is not only likely to block liberal reforms but also ...

• Let me now turn to the opposite economic situation: that of the
economic crisis. It is usually thought that crisis favor...

V. Economic Transitions Under a Liberal
Democracy
• If like in Poland and some other post-socialist countries in 1989-91, ...

V. Economic Transitions Under a Liberal
Democracy
• In general, it is bad for liberal reforms when bad (i.e. anti-reforms)...

V. Economic Transitions Under a Liberal
Democracy
• The last situational factor I will discuss here are positive or negati...

V. Economic Transitions Under a Liberal
Democracy
• In sum, the situational variables are very important in explaining the...

VI. Bad Political Transitions after Free
Elections
• There have been many examples of such bad political transitions which...

VI. Bad Political Transitions after Free
Elections
• In some other countries, bad transitions are less advanced. Poland
si...

VI. Bad Political Transitions after Free
Elections
There are not many comparative studies of the recent bad political
tran...

VI. Bad Political Transitions after Free
Elections
• With respect to the first question one should avoid easy
generalizati...

VI. Bad Political Transitions after Free
Elections
• The authoritarian rulers have three instruments at their disposal:
• ...

VI. Bad Political Transitions after Free
Elections
• The scope for clientelism depends on the economic situation. Improvin...

VI. Bad Political Transitions after Free
Elections
• Finally, it is also striking that these transitions are not linked to...

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