Naga (Lead)

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Introduction
• Included in - Dhatuvarga
in Putiloha
• Used since long time.
• Mentioned in yajurveda, yadnyavalka samhita,...

Vernacular Names
• Hindi : Sisa
• Bengali : Sise
• Gujarati : Sisu
• Marathi : Sisam
• Telgu : Sisamu
• Parsi : Usrup, sur...

Synonyms
Sisa, Kutila,
Ahi, Pannaga,
Phani, Kari,
Uraga, Bhujanga,
Jada, Shita,
Yavaneshta, Yogishta,
Kuvanga, Paripishta,...

Naga in Samhita period
• Charaka used Naga for external application in
Mandal Kushtha (C.C 7/88)
• Sushruta subsumed it in...

Mythological origin
• It is the essence of Vasuki Naga, which was
emitted by seeing the beautiful daughter of
Bhoginaga.
•...

Types of Naga
• Rasarnavakara has mentioned that Naga is of
only one type.
• Other Acharyas have mentioned two types viz
न...

Grahya Naga
सुगौरिं मृदु स्ननग्धं छेदने मललनोज्िलम्।
बहि:श्र्यामं द्रुतद्रािं सीसकं जात्र्यमादीशेत ्॥RT
• Guru (heavy)
• S...

Agrahya Naga
बहि:शुक्लं भारिीनं रुक्षं छेदे च ननष्प्प्रभम ्।
समलं कठीनद्रािं सीसकं िेर्यमाहदशेत्॥RT
• Bahihshuklam (whitis...

Ores
• Metallic lead does occur in nature, but it is
rare.
• found in ore with zinc, silver and (most
abundantly) copper, ...

Availability
• 0.0013% of earth’s crust is made up of Lead.
• It is obtained from 3 main countries-
• Australia, China and...

• Flame Test of Naga: gives Dhumravarna flame
on strong heating.
• Graha Relation :related to Budha Graha.
• Loss when pla...

Ashuddha Naga seva dosha
सीसं ननिस्तत विमलां तु शरररशोभां।
कु ष्प्ठं ककलासकमलं जनर्येच्च नुनम ्॥
सस्तधन् प्रपीडर्यनत पक्षि...

• Kushta, Gulma, Ruja, Meha, Pandu, Jwara,
Tridoshaprakopa; Roga, Mrityu;
• Udara; Kshaya, Kamala; Kilasa, Sandhishula,
Pa...

Samanya shodhana

Vishesha-Shodhana
• लसतदुिारजांाकौततीिररद्राचूणाकं क्षक्षपेत्।
द्रुते नागेऽथ ननगुाण्ड्र्यास्त्रििारं ननक्षक्षपेद्रसे ।
नाग...

Shodhana
सीसकं द्रािर्येल्लोिदिीगतं निच्छचूणोदके चाथ
ननिाापर्येत्।
पूिामागेन िै शेषकमााचरेत्सीसकं सत्िरंर्यानत शुद्धध
पराम...

Shodhana
Type Media Repitition Ref.
Bhavana,
Dhalana
Gauriphala, Rajani,
Kshuraka, Kuberabija,
Tumbaru
7 times Rasarnava, ...

Marana
• द्रुते नागे क्षक्षपेत्सूतं शुद्धं कषालमतं शुभम ्।
घषानर्यत्िा क्षक्षपेत्क्षारमेकै कं हि पलं पलम्।।
अजुाननर्याक्षि...

Marana(cont.)
• Jarana-
Melt naga
in iron pan
& add
equal amt
of bark
aswattha
in divided
quantity
Rubbed
with the
bottom ...

• Marana-
Jarita naga
is added
with equal
amt of
Manahsila
Then
ground it
with
lemon
juice or
any other
sour liquid
Make
c...

Marana•
Type Media Puta No. Colour Ref.
Jarana,
Puta
J- Aswattha,
Chincha
P-Shila, Jambira
- 60 - RRS, AK
P Trikshara,panc...

Colour of Bhasma
• Black (Acc. to RT)
• Sindura varna (Acc. To AP)
• Paravataprabha (Acc. To yogaratnakara)

Naga Bhasma Guna
• Rasa: Tikta, Madhura
• Virya: Atyushna
• Guna: Snigdha, Dipana, Rasayana, Guru, Sara,
• Karma: Tridosha...

Rogoghnata
• कफरोगानशेषांश्च मूिरोगांश्च सिाशः ।
श्िासं कासं क्षर्यं पाण्डडुं श्िर्यथुं शीतकज्िरम ्।।
ग्रिणीमामदोषं च िस्न...

Rogoghnata
• Mandalakushtha, Gara, Krimi, Pipasa, Visha,
Hridroga, Pandu, Meha, Trishna,
• Amavata, Ruja, Sarvarogahara, S...

Dose
• 1/4th to 1 ratti (30mg- 125mg)

Heavy Metal Contents Permissible
Limits as per W.H.O & F.D.A
1. Lead (Pb) -10 ppm
2. Cadmium (Cd) 0.30 ppm
3. Arsenic (As)...

Aamayika prayoga (RT)
No. Anupana Rogahnata
1. 1 ratti with turmeric, amalaki & honey Prevents prameha
2. With decoction o...

Antidote to effect of ill processed
Naga bhasma
• बृित् रसराज सुंदर
• Use swarna bhasma with aamalaki (goose
berry) & suga...

Specific preparations
• आतिषेशाततक रस माणणक्र्य रस
• मिानीलकण्डठ रस र्योगेश्िर रस
• कु लिधू रस रत्नगभा पोट्ट्ली
• कु ष्प्ठ...

Modern Review
• Symbol : Pb
• Atomic No. : 82
• Atomic wt. : 207.2
• Phase : solid
• Melting point : 327.46°C
• Boiling po...

• Sp gr. - 11.2
• Streak -black
• Elasticity-ductile, very soft,
highly malleable

Absorption
• mainly absorbed through GI tract &
respiratory tract.
• GI absorption of lead varies with age;
• adults absor...

factors interfere with absorption
• Pb2+ and Ca2+ may compete for a common
transport mechanism.
• Iron deficiency enhances...

Distribution
• Once lead is absorbed, about 99 % of that in
the blood stream binds to hemoglobin in
erythrocyte.
• Only 1 ...

• In time, lead is redistributed & deposited in
bone,teeth, & hair.
• About 95% of the body burden of the metal
eventually...

• The deposition of lead in bone closely
resembles that of calcium, but it is deposited
as tertiary lead phosphate.
• Lead...

Excretion
Mainly excreted through
-Bile secretions
-Urine
-Breast milk
-Sweat
• Half-life of lead in blood is 1 to 2 month...

Acute Toxicity Symptoms
• Astringency, thirst, and a metallic taste,
• Nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting,
• Stools may be b...

Chronic toxicity symptoms
• Anorexia, malaise, Muscle discomfort,
headache
• vertigo, ataxia, headache,
• insomnia, restle...

Diagnosis of poisoning
• History of exposure
• symptoms
• Blood lead testing -
For children -under 5μg/dL acceptable.
For ...

Research work
• Pharmaceutical standardisation of naga
bhasma done at Jamnaagar.
conclusion- laghuputa with 50 cow dunk is...

Research work
• Synthesis, Characterization and
Histopathological Study of naga bhasma done
at BHU
-lead in nano-crystalli...

Naga (Lead)

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