Hands on kubernetes_container_orchestration

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By: Amir Hossein Sorouri
Cluster & Grid Computing
Instructor: Dr. Mohsen Sharifi
Date: 2019-May
Hands on Kubernetes Contai...

1. Cluster Review
2. Grid Review
3. Historical Review on Deployment
4. Historical Review on Softwares Architectures
Packed...

5. Container Concepts and Fundamentals
6. Hands On Docker
7. Hands On Kubernetes
 Contents/1

 Main Issues in Cluster Environment
• Resource Management Scheduling
• Fault Handling
• Migration
• Load Balancing
 Clus...

Three Main Issues in Grid Environment
• Heterogeneity
• Scalability
• Adaptability
 Grid review/1
All Applications

visPerf
App
Tools
Monitoring
Fabric
 Grid review/2
Grid Software/Hardware Stack

Resource Management System(RMS)
 Resource Dissemination and Discovery Protocols
• Resource Dissemination Protocol
 Infor...

Problem:
Solution: Continuous Integration/Continuous Development (CI/CD)
 Historical Review on Deployment/1

CI Combination of Tools:
 Testing Automation Tools: Invokes the unit test program after the build succeeds, then notifies...

Configuration Management (CM):
 Helps to configure an OS Including:
• The user
• Group
• System libraries
 Manages multi...

 No Clear Definition
 But it Used to Have:
• > than 50 modules or packages
• > than 50 database tables
 May Takes
• > t...

 Has been attempted back in the 1990s
 Structures an application as a collection of services that are:
• Highly maintain...

 Use the module remotely (Good for Microservices)
Remote Procedure Call:
 Historical Review on Software Architecture/3
...

 Invented by Roy Fielding
 Defined in his PHD thesis in 2000
RESTful design:
 Historical Review on Software Architectur...

 Should care about the following topics:
• Stateless:
 Doesn't store user session
 Helps to scale out easier.
• Version...

Contents Cont.
5. Container Concepts and Fundamentals
6. Docker Hands On
7. Kubernetes Hands On

Development of Virtualization
 They say necessity is the mother of invention, and the history of computers is no exceptio...

Development of Virtualization
 We took another step towards creating shared, yet isolated, in 1979
• Development of the c...

The key feature of container is isolation
 Container concepts and fundamentals/3

Linux Namespaces
 Provide logical partitions of system resources
• mounting point (mnt)
• process ID (PID)
• network (net...

Out of Memory
 Container concepts and fundamentals/Linux Namespaces/5
The following diagram illustrates the PID namespace...

Linux Control Groups(cgroup)
 Uses in order to
• Limit resource usage by
 Setting constraint on different kinds of syste...

These Days of Virtualization
Terms:
• Virtualization
• Containerization
 Container concepts and fundamentals/7

Linux Container
 Two most important building blocks
• namespaces
• cgroups (control groups)
 Container concepts and fund...

Contents Cont.
5. Container Concepts and Fundamentals
6. Docker Hands On
7. Kubernetes Hands On

Docker Fundamental
 An Open-Source GO framework
 Solomon Hykes starts Docker as an internal project
within dotCloud in 2...

Why GO
 Simplicity is Complex
 Medium By Example
 Hands On Docker/Docker Fundamental/2

Overall Hierarchy of Docker
 Hands On Docker/Overall Hierarchy of Docker/1

Docker Engine
 The heart of Docker is the docker engine
 Constists of:
1. Docker Server
2. RESTFul API
3. Docker CLI
 H...

Persistent Storage
 It is used for making data persistent outside the container
 Constists of:
• Volumes
 Maintaining v...

Networking
 Constists of:
• Sandbox: It manages the container…
 Routing tables
 Interfaces
 DNS
• Endpoint
 Endpoints...

Networking
 Hands On Docker/Overall Hierarchy of Docker/Docker Engine/Docker Server/3

Containerd: The Heart of Container System
 Docker Engine uses it to create and manage Containers
 It abstracts calls to ...

Containerd: The Heart of Container System CONT.
 Docker Engine uses it to create and manage Containers
 Consists of:
• C...

Snapshotter
 When a container is created
• Adds a writable layer(Copy on Write) on top of all the layers
 All changes ar...

The Layers
 Hands On Docker/Overall Hierarchy of Docker/Docker Engine/Docker Server/Containerd/2

Image Vs Container
 Hands On Docker/Overall Hierarchy of Docker/Docker Engine/Docker Server/Containerd/3
The following di...

The Snapshotter Commands
 Hands On Docker/Overall Hierarchy of Docker/Docker Engine/Docker Server/Containerd/4

 Hands On Docker/Overall Hierarchy of Docker/Docker Engine/RESTful API/1
Docker RESTful API

Glossary
 Docker Client: the binary interacting with the Docker Engine.
 Docker Image: A filesystem (read-only template)...

Contents Cont.
5. Container Concepts and Fundamentals
6. Docker Hands On
7. Kubernetes Hands On

Kubernetes Fundamental
 An Open-Source GO framework
 Kubernetes (“koo-burr-NET-eez”) is
• Conventional pronunciation of ...

Getting Started with Kubernetes
• Questions:
1. Is there a way to build services across multiple machines without dealing ...

Understanding Kubernetes
 Kubernetes is a platform for managing application containers across multiple hosts.
 Same as t...

Understanding Kubernetes
 Kubernetes considers most of the operational needs for application containers
• Auto-scaling
• ...

Understanding Kubernetes
 Kubernetes is a perfect match for microservices
 With Kubernetes, we can create a Deployment t...

Kubernetes Components
 Masters
• Is the heart of Kubernetes
• Controls and schedules all the activities in the cluster
 ...

Master Components
 Includes
1. API server
2. Controller Manager
3. Scheduler
4. Etcd
 All components can run on differen...

API server (kube-apiserver)
 Provides an HTTP/HTTPS server
• provides a RESTful API for all the components in the
Kuberne...

 etcd is an open source distributed key-value store
 Kubernetes is distributed
• So, it needs a distributed database
 H...

Controller Manager (kube-controller-manager)
1. Ensures all the ReplicationControllers == Desired container
amount
2. Node...

Scheduler (kube-scheduler)
 Decides which node is suitable for pods to run on according to
• resource capacity
• balance ...

 Node components need to be provisioned and run on every
node, in order to:
• report the runtime status of the pod to the...

 Is a major process in the nodes
• Reports node activities to kube-apiserver periodically, such as:
 pod health
 node h...

 Kubernetes uses Docker as a default container engine.
Docker Engine
CAdvisor
 The Kubelet ships with built-in support f...

 Handles the routing between pod load-balancer and pods
• (a.k.a. service)
 It also provides the routing from outside to...

 Scheduler determines which node should be assigned in order to :
• Run pods
 Controller Manager monitors the running ta...

 Nods
• A node is a worker machine in Kubernetes
 may be a VM/physical machine
 depending on the cluster
• Each node co...

 Pod
• Most basic unit
• One or more Tightly Coupled Containers are encapsulated in an object called a Pod.
• Works as a ...

 Jobs
• Creates one or more Pods and ensures that a specified number of
them successfully terminate
 A simple case is to...

Jobs
 Hands On Kubernetes/Objects and Workloads/Jobs/1

 Jobs

 Replication Controllers
• Is an object that defines a pod template
• An easy way to distribute load
• An easy way to inc...

 Makes use of label queries
Replication Controllers
 Hands On Kubernetes/Objects and Workloads/Replication Controllers/1

 Ensures that a specified number of pod replicas are running at any given time
 The link a ReplicaSet has to its Pods is...

 ReplicationSets

• Managing groups of identical, replicated pods instead of
single pods
• These are created from pod templates
Objects and ...

 Deployments
 One of the most common workloads to directly create and manage.
 Use replication sets as a building block...

 One of the most common workloads to directly create and manage.
 Use replication sets as a building block.
Deployments
...

 Deployment/HelloWorld

 Persistent Volume(PV)
• Piece of storage in the cluster that has been provisioned by an administrator
• This API object ...

Objects and Workloads
 Hands On Kubernetes/Objects and Workloads/8
• Persistent Volume Claim(PVC)
• It is similar to a po...

 StatefulSets
• Are specialized pod controllers
• Often associated with data-oriented applications
 Like databases,
 wh...

 Update Strategies
•
•
StatefulSets
 Hands On Kubernetes/Objects and Workloads/Stateful Sets/1

 Daemon Sets
• Another specialized form of pod controller
• Run a copy of a pod on each node in the cluster (or a subset,...

Daemon Sets
 Hands On Kubernetes/Objects and Workloads/Daemon Sets/1

At its basic level: is a
…1... for …2… , …3… across …4…

At its basic level: is a
…1... for …2… , …3… across …4…
1. System

At its basic level: is a
System for …2… , …3… across …4…
1. System
2. Running and Coordinating

At its basic level: is a
System for Running and Coordinating , …3… across …4…
1. System
2. Running and Coordinating
3. Con...

At its basic level: is a
System for Running and Coordinating , Containerized
Applications across …4…
1. System
2. Running ...

At its basic level: is a ...
System for Running and Coordinating , Containerized
Applications across Clusters of Machines

 Minikube/Dashboard

• https://slideplayer.com/slide/7483962/
• https://www.slideshare.net/chhattanshah/cluster-and-grid-computing
• https://ma...

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer#History
• http://www.studytrails.com/devops/docker-archite...

• https://blog.risingstack.com/what-is-kubernetes-how-to-get-started/
• https://linuxacademy.com/blog/containers/history-o...

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