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THE FIRST WORLD
WAR
Material de apoyo para 4ºESO
Sección bilingüe

THE ANTECEDENTS

POLITICAL TENSION IN EUROPE AT
THE END OF THE 19th CENTURY:
THE WAY TO THE FIRST WORLD WAR
 After the Franco-Prussian War...

POLITICAL TENSION IN EUROPE
1871 - 1914
THE WAY TO THE FIRST WORLD WAR
The German unification process made Germany
the mos...

POLITICAL TENSION IN EUROPE AT
THE END OF THE 19th CENTURY:
THE WAY TO THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Second French Empire opposed th...

POLITICAL TENSION IN EUROPE AT
THE END OF THE 19th CENTURY:
THE WAY TO THE FIRST WORLD WAR
 German Confederation
became a...

GERMANY´S FOREIGN POLICY
 Germany´s foreign policy became especially
important during this period in two phases:
The Bism...

THE BISMARKIAN SYSTEM
German Chancellor
Otto von Bismark
established a system
of alliances with
Austria, Russia and
Italy ...

Part of the Austrian
Empire
Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, part of
present-day Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
part of Ukr...

THE BISMARKIAN SYSTEM
The isolation of France
 France´s main objective
during this period was to
recover the region of
Al...

THE BISMARKIAN SYSTEM
 Bismark knew that Austria and Russia wanted to
control the Balkans and that these tensions could
b...

THE POLICIES OF WILHELM II
 Kaiser Wilhlem I died and Wilhelm II took the
throne.

THE POLICIES OF WILHELM II
 Wilhelm II wanted a more agressive foreign
policy in Europe, so in 1890 he dismissed
Bismark ...

THE FIRST WORLD WAR

CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
(WWI)
 France wanted to recover the region of Alsace-
Lorraine, which the French had lost to the Ge...

CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
(WWI)
 Britain and Germany became involved in a
naval arms race.
 Both countries built fleets of p...

CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
(WWI)
 Industrialised European countries expanded
their empires and competed for the control of
col...

CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
(WWI)
 The competition for control of
colonies had an important
role in North Africa:
 The two Mor...

CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
(WWI)
 Another important region of Imperialism took
place in the Balkans:
 The Eastern Question (L...

CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
(WWI)
 Between 1878 and
1908, the Austro-
Hungarian Empire
occupied and then
annexed Bosnia-
Herzeg...

CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
(WWI)
Between 1878 and 1908, the
Austro-Hungarian Empire
occupied and then annexed
Bosnia-Herzegovin...

THE ARMED PEACE
 THE ARMED PEACE (1890-1914)
 Because of this situation, rivalries between
European countries led to the...

THE ARMED PEACE

THE TRIGGER OF THE WWI
 On 28 June 1914, Archduke
Franz Ferdinand, the heir to
the Austro-Hungarian Empire,
was assassina...

THE TRIGGER OF THE WWI
 Archduke Franz Ferdinand´s death triggered the
sequence of events that led to the First World War...

THE TRIGGER OF THE WWI
The Austro-Hungarian
Empire, supported by
Germany, raised an
ultimatum to Serbia. They
threatened S...

THE TRIGGER OF THE WWI
Serbia, supported
by Russia, rejected
the ultimatum.

THE TRIGGER OF THE WWI
On 25 July 1914 The Austro-
Hungarian Empire declared
war on Serbia, blaming the
Serbs for the arch...

THE TRIGGER OF THE WWI
Russia began
mobilising against
Austria and
Germany.

THE TRIGGER OF THE WWI
Germany declared
war to Russia, and
then to France,
because it was a
Russian allied.

THE TRIGGER OF THE WWI
Great Britain
declared war to
Germany.

THE CAUSES OF WWI
 Page 163:
 Exercises 1, 2 and 3

THE WAR´S PARTICIPANTS
 First, Austria declared the war on Serbia.
 After the Austro-Hungarian Empire had
declared war o...

THE WAR´S PARTICIPANTS
Russia began
mobilising against
Austria and Germany.European
countries
chose sides.

THE WAR´S PARTICIPANTS
Germany declared war to
Russia, and then to
France, because it was a
Russian allied.
European
count...

THE WAR´S PARTICIPANTS
Great Britain declared war
to Germany.
European
countries
chose sides.

THE WAR´S PARTICIPANTS
 As a result, two alliances emerged which then
fought each other for the next four years.
Two alli...

THE WAR´S PARTICIPANTS

THE WAR´S PARTICIPANTS
 What did Italy do?
 Italy was a member of the Triple Alliance.

THE WAR´S PARTICIPANTS
 What did Italy do?
 But Italy remained neutral at the beggining of
the war.

THE WAR´S PARTICIPANTS
 What did Italy do?
 However, in 1915,
Italy joined the Allied
Powers.
 Italy hoped to
acquire t...

THE WAR´S PARTICIPANTS
 Globalization of the conflict.
 Both blocks looked for new allies.
 The following countries too...

 Orange: Central Powers (Triple Alliance)
 Green: Allied Powers (Triple Entente)
 Grey: Neutral countries
First time a ...

PHASES OF THE WAR

PHASES OF THE WAR
4 PHASES
•1914: Initial offensives
•1915-1917:Trench warfare
•1917: The crisis of 1917
•1918: Allied vic...

1914: Initial offensives

INITIAL OFFENSIVES 1914
1.-
GERMAN
OFFENSIVE
S IN THE
WESTERN
FRONT
2.- RUSSIAN
OFFENSIVES IN THE
EASTERN FRONT

INITIAL OFFENSIVES 1914
1.-
GERMAN
OFFENSIVE
S IN THE
WESTERN
FRONT

INITIAL OFFENSIVES
1914 (West front)
 The German plan wanted
a quick victory over
France and then fight
against Russia.
...

INITIAL OFFENSIVES 1914
(West front)
 But the German were stopped in the Battle of
Marne (September 1914), near Paris.

INITIAL OFFENSIVES 1914
2.- RUSSIAN
OFFENSIVES IN THE
EASTERN FRONT

INITIAL OFFENSIVES
1914 (East front)
 France asked Russia to
attack Germany in the
East.
 German forces fought
against R...

1915-1917:Trench warfare

THE TRENCH WARFARE
1915-1917
 In 1915, the western front
between Germany and the
Allies stablilised and a
period of trenc...

THE TRENCH WARFARE
1915-1917
 Defensive tactics:
Trenches
Machine-guns
Video about the trenches in the
Battle of the Somm...

THE TRENCH WARFARE
1915-1917
 The German tried to break the
fronts in the Battle of Verdún
(February 1916).
 The British...

THE TRENCH WARFARE
1915-1917
 As the main fronts were stabilised, the Allies
tried to break the balance attacking the
sec...

THE TRENCH WARFARE
1915-1917
Attack to the
Mediterranean area.
 The British attempt to
take the Bosporus
and the Dardanel...

THE TRENCH WARFARE
1915-1917
 German colonies were conquered:
 Great Britain conquered the German colonies in
Africa.
 ...

THE TRENCH WARFARE
1915-1917
 The Middle East belonged to the Ottoman
Empire. These areas were invaded by the Allies,
sup...

THE TRENCH WARFARE
1915-1917
 Meanwhile, a naval
conflict took place:
 The German submarines
attacked the Allied
merchan...

1917: The crisis of 1917

THE CRISIS OF 1917
 The Russian Revolution.
 The Tzar was overthrown and a
Communist government was imposed.
 The new g...

THE CRISIS OF 1917
The entrance of USA
 At first, USA was neutral,
but it sold supplies to the
Allies.
 The German tried...

1918: Allied victories and the
armistice

ALLIED VICTORIES AND THE
ARMISTICE 1918
 German offensive in
spring 1918
 Germany moved its troops
from the east to the ...

ALLIED VICTORIES AND THE
ARMISTICE 1918
 Allied offensive in 1918
 The Allies took advantage of the internal problems in...

ALLIED VICTORIES AND THE
ARMISTICE 1918
 The end of the war
 The Central Powers
collapsed and surrendered:
 First, Turk...

THE PEACE SETTLEMENT

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
(1919-1920)
 After the
armistice,
representative
s of the Allied
Powers met at
the Paris
Peace
Con...

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
(1919-1920)
 At the Conference, USA President Woodrow
Wilson proposed a peace agreement that
would...

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
(1919-1920)
 The 14 points plan
 However, this idea was rejected by Allied countries that
had bee...

THE PEACE TREATIES
 The Allied ratified five treaties at the Paris
Peace Conference, which were then signed
by the defeat...

THE TREATY OF
VERSAILLES
 The Treaty of Versailles established especially
severe terms for Germany:
• It could not have t...

THE TREATY OF
VERSAILLES
• It had to return
Alsace-
Lorraine to
France.
• The German
region of East
Prussia was
divided fr...

THE TREATY OF
VERSAILLES
• It had to pay reparations to the European Allies.

THE TREATY OF
VERSAILLES
• It had to sign the war-guilty clause.

THE TREATY OF
VERSAILLES
• The Treaty of Versailles would become the
source of problems because the German people
felt hum...

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
 During the Paris Peace Conference, President
Wilson proposed the establishment of the
League of Na...

REVIEW
 Watch more videos about WWI in History
Channel:
 http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-history/v...

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