Result-based payments for REDD+

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Result-based
payments for
REDD+
SBSTA, 25. June 2019
1
Arild Angelsen
Professor, School of Economics and Business,
Norwegi...

• 10 years of CGS-REDD+
research
• CIFOR and partners
• Almost 500 publications
2008
2009 2012 2018
Result-based REDD+ pay...

Result-based REDD+ payments 3

Results-based payment
• Many names, essentially the same idea
– Performance/Output-based Pay, PES, COD, etc.
• A key eleme...

What is RBP?
1. Payment based on predefined results;
2. Recipient discretion to decide how to achieve results;
3. Independ...

Challange 1: What to pay for?
Two dimensions:
1. Where to pay along the impact chain
inputs → activities → outputs → outco...

Ways forward
• Incentives for all REDD+ phases
–Important steps towards the ultimate goal
–Fair as countries are at differ...

Challenge 2: Ensuring
additionality (setting FRELs)
• What would happen without REDD+?
• Has REDD+ made a difference?
• Es...

Meanings of FREL/FRL/RL
1. Business as Usual (BAU) or counterfactual
– Emission reductions = actual emissions - FREL
– Ben...

UNFCCC: Historical +
National circumstances
10
Herold et al. (2012)
Result-based REDD+ payments

Different ref.levels for Brazil:
(1) Amazon Fund: Last 10 years (stacked lines).
(2) UNFCCC submission 1996-current (blue)...

Peru
Result-based REDD+ payments 12
20% above
2015 level

Ways forward
• The Paris rule book needs to clarify key aspects:
–Defining D&D
–Standardizing the period for historical em...

Challenge 3: whom to pay?
• Who owns the emission reductions (ER)
• Luttrell et al. (2013), 6 potential recipients:
1. act...

Distribution within countries
• Who is to be credited for broad national policy reforms?
• Sharing between federal level a...

Ways forward (C3)
• Main principle: incurred costs and attribution of results
–Opportunity costs of forest conservation (f...

Only by recognizing the
pitfalls can we avoid them
• RBP has a number of attractive feature, in theory
• Will it also deli...

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