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RUSSIA
FROM ABSOLUTISM TO REVOLUTION
Material de apoyo para 4ºESO
Sección bilingüe

THE TSARIST EMPIRE

THE TSARIST EMPIRE

• Despite the liberal revolutions of the 19th century, the
Russian Empire continued to be an absolute monarchy.
• The Russ...

THE TSARIST EMPIRE
THE LAST TSAR: NICOLAS II AND HIS FAMILY

• Political situation:
• Civil rights were not recognised.
• Political parties faced repression.
• There was a Parliament ...

• The economy
THE TSARIST EMPIRE
There was a semi-feudal economy:
A wealthy minority
owned most of the
agricultural land.
...

• The pesants were extremely poor.
THE TSARIST EMPIRE
Russian peasants at the beggining of the 20th century.

• The economy
THE TSARIST EMPIRE
Industrialisation
Heavy
industry
and
railways
The working
class
increased.
It depended
on...

• Working-class assembly in a Russian factory. 1905.
THE TSARIST EMPIRE

Political
problems
1898
1903
1905
1914-1917
THE TSARIST EMPIRE

THE TSARIST EMPIRE
Theopposition
Liberal parties Bourgeoisie
Revolutionary
parties
Social
revolutionary party
Peasants
Soc...

THE TSARIST EMPIRE
• In 1898, the Russian Social
• Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP)
• was formed.
It was composed by worker...

THE TSARIST EMPIRE
• In 1903, the RSLDP divided into two separate factions:
Moderate
faction.
Martov argued
that gradual
r...

THE TSARIST EMPIRE
• THE REVOLUTION OF 1905
• Trigger:
• Russia tried to expand to Japan, but Japan defeated Russia.
• Rus...

THE TSARIST EMPIRE
• THE REVOLUTION OF 1905
• January 1905:
• In response to the repression:
• Workers and soldiers formed...

THE TSARIST EMPIRE
• From 1914-1917, Russia took part in
WWI:
• It worsened the economic and political
problems that the e...

• Video about Nicholas II: Russia's Last Emperor.
• Part 1
• Part 2
• The Romanovs in colour
THE TSARIST EMPIRE

THE REVOLUTIONS OF FEBRUARY
AND OCTOBER 1917

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RUSSIAN
REVOLUTION OF 1917
• Why is the Russian Revolution so important?
• It´s an important milesto...

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RUSSIAN
REVOLUTION OF 1917
• Why is the Russian Revolution so important?
1. Two different social sys...

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RUSSIAN
REVOLUTION OF 1917
• Why is the Russian Revolution so important?
1. The new social system ca...

THE REVOLUTION OF
FEBRUARY 1917
• What are the causes of the revolution of 1917?
• Russia continued to be an absolute mona...

THE REVOLUTION OF
FEBRUARY 1917
• When did the Russian Revolution begin?
• The Russian Revolution began on 23rd February w...

• What happened next?
• On 25th february there was a general strike.
• On 26th february the tsarist troops wanted to suppr...

THE REVOLUTION OF
FEBRUARY 1917
• There were demonstrations before the Palace of the Tsar.

THE REVOLUTION OF
FEBRUARY 1917
What was the result of these protests?
• The protests involving peasants, workers and sold...

THE REVOLUTION OF
FEBRUARY 1917
• What happened after the abdication of Nicolas II?
• At first, the Mensheviks formed a
pr...

THE REVOLUTION OF
FEBRUARY 1917
• Which alternative government emerged
in Russia?
• The Bolsheviks opposed the Mensheviks
...

THE SOVIETS´ IDEOLOGY
The key character: LENIN
• Lenin was the leader of the Bolsheviks.
• He was the promoter or the Russ...

THE SOVIETS´ IDEOLOGY
• “April Theses”
• These theses consisted on:
1. Withdraw of WWI.
2. Redistribution of lands to all
...

THE REVOLUTION OF
OCTOBER 1917
• What happened in october 1917?
• There was another revolution:
• The soviets controlled b...

THE REVOLUTION OF
OCTOBER 1917
• What were the consequences of the fall
of the provisional government?
• The Bolsheviks si...

THE REVOLUTION OF
OCTOBER 1917
What were the consequences
of the fall of the provisional government?
• Russia signed the T...

REMEMBER!!
THE CRISIS OF 1917 IN WWI
(We saw this slide when
learning about WWI).
• The Russian Revolution.
• The Tzar was...

THE REVOLUTION OF
OCTOBER 1917
• What were other consequences of the
fall of the provisional government?
• Land was redist...

1918
• At the beggining of
1918 the Revolution
had succeeded.

1918
What did the
Bolsheviks do after
taking power?
• In July 1918 they
killed the tsar
Nicolas II and his
family.
• Video...

1918
What did the Bolsheviks do after taking
power?
• They began persecuting their opponents:
• Supporters of the Tsar: la...

THE CIVIL WAR: 1918-1921
In response to these events, a civil war
broke out:
Between
two
groups
White
Russians
The
counter...

THE CIVIL WAR: 1918-1921
Who won the war?
The war was won by the
Bolsheviks, thanks of the
influence of Trotksy in the
Red...

CHANGES IN ECONOMY, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
ECONOMY
• In 1921 a NEW ECONOMIC POLICY (N.E.P.) was
established to improve:
• Th...

CHANGES IN ECONOMY, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
A NEW STATE
• In 1922, Lenin established the UNION OF SOVIET
SOCIALIST REPUBLICS ...

CHANGES IN ECONOMY, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
• The flag of the USSR (1921-1991)

CHANGES IN ECONOMY, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
• The flag of the USSR (1921-1991)
The sickle and the hammer is a symbol
which re...

CHANGES IN ECONOMY, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
• The flag of the USSR (1921-1991)
The red five-pointed star is one of the
symbol...

CHANGES IN ECONOMY, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
POLITICS
• In 1923 a new constitution was established.
• It was based on Communis...

CHANGES IN ECONOMY, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
POLITICS
• In the USSR, Karl Marx´s idea of the dictatorship of the
proletariat w...

CHANGES IN ECONOMY, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
POLITICS
• Under the Communist system, the state also controlled
the means of pro...

LENIN AND THE INTERNATIONALISM
• Lenin thought that it was necessary
to spread the revolution outside the
USSR.
• In 1919 ...

• VIDEO
• Lenin´s speach 1919
• What is the Soviet Power?
Comrade Lenin cleans the world
from garbage.

• EXERCISES ON PAGE 173
• 16
• 17
• 18
• 19
• 20

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