Parental Aspirations for Children's Education: Is there a "Girl Eff...

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Parental aspirations for children's education – is
there a “girl effect”?
Experimental evidence from rural Ethiopia
Tanguy...

 Motivation
 Questions
 Some Theory
 A five-year evaluation of a field experiment
 Design;
 Findings – summarize res...

 Poor people in developing countries often do not invest, even when
returns are high: opportunity vs. ‘ability’ to use op...

 Questions:
 Are low aspirations a possible explanation?
 Can aspirations be changed persistently?
 Aspirations
 forw...

A Theoretical Framework
subject to:
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c l wt t t t
t
t t
t
Max V E u c l




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 
 
1 1
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A Theoretical Framework
1tλ +
= the shadow cost of the aspirations constraint
 as if the marginal benefit of using leisur...

A Theoretical Framework
 Origin 1 – lack of (Jensen (2010)) or inattention (Hanna, Mullainathan,
and Schwartzstein (2014)...

Experimental setting: Doba woreda
 Rural, isolated, poor district
 Only 1.5 per cent of Doba’s population urban; 99% wer...

Experimental design: village level
 Village level-randomization:
 84 villages randomly selected from woreda village list...

Experimental design: within villages
 Within 64 treatment villages – households randomly selected from a
complete listing...

Measures – aspirations, expectations
20/02/2020 11
 Four dimensions:
 Annual income in cash
 Assets: house, furniture, ...

 Measurement – develop a survey instrument – four domains;
 Identification – aspirations and choice/behavior are interli...

Experimental design: individual treatment
20/02/2020
13
 64 villages. Random selection of 6 treatment HH, 6 placebo HH, 6...

Timeline
 3 main rounds of surveys
 Baseline (Sept-Dec 2010),
 Aspirations/expectations immediately after treatment
 F...

Non-compliance and attrition
 Non-compliance is very limited (2% of treated individuals).
 Attrition is small (9.6% of i...

Balance
 Individual level
 Balanced within treatment villages at baseline.
 Balanced on demographics/assets at endline ...

 Find small changes
 Aspirations and expectations, especially for children's education –
higher after 6 months (persists...

 Clear link from exposure to potential role models to changes in
aspirations/beliefs and outcomes.
 Build on work on exp...

 Specifications (impact on educational aspirations and investments
 Difference at baseline
 Treatment effect (ITT)
 ‘G...

Education Aspiration effects by gender
Baseline Short-run Long-run
Mean
Difference
for girls
Treatment
effect
Difference
f...

Education Investment effects by gender
Educational investments by
gender
Baseline Short-run Long-run
Mean
Difference for
g...

Education effects by gender
Educational investments by
gender
Baseline Short-run Long-run
Mean
Difference
for girls
Treatm...

Baseline
Difference
(%)
Treatment
Effect
(Average)
(%)
Treatment Effect
(Difference)
(%)
Children aged 6-20 in school 19.0...

Thank You

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