TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF THE HIGH-ENERGY IRRADIATION AND WATER CONTENT...

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Draft version July 31, 2017
Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 01/23/15
TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF THE HIGH-ENERG...

2 V. Bourrier et al.
Table 1
Characteristics of the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets. Note that the mass of planet h could not be det...

Irradiation and water loss of TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets 3
−0.06 −0.03 0.00 0.03 0.06
Distance (au)
−0.06
−0.03
0.00
0.03
0.06
...

4 V. Bourrier et al.
Figure 3. Ly-α ﬂuxes for all sub-exposures in Visit 4, integrated
over the entire line (excluding the...

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Irradiation and water loss of TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets 5
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time (BJD − 2457652)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Flux(10−1...

6 V. Bourrier et al.
Figure 6. Ly-α line proﬁles of TRAPPIST-1. Solid-line proﬁles
correspond to our best estimates for th...

Irradiation and water loss of TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets 7
−4 −2 0 2 4
Time (h)
0.5
1.0
Flux(10−15
ergs−1
cm−2
)
Band: 130 ; 25...

8 V. Bourrier et al.
to a synchronized planet. This estimation comes from
Yang et al. (2013), which showed that a tidally ...

Irradiation and water loss of TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets 9
Table 3
Age at which the TRAPPIST-1 planets enter the HZ for two diﬀ...

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10 V. Bourrier et al.
Table 4
High-energy emission from TRAPPIST-1.
Wavelength domain XUV (0.5 − 100 nm) Lα
LXUV (erg.s−1)...

Irradiation and water loss of TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets 11
Hydrogenloss(EOH)Hydrogenloss(EOH)
b c d
e
f
g
h
Ls range
Time (Myr...

12 V. Bourrier et al.
Table 6
Cumulative hydrogen loss (in EOH ) for diﬀerent times (table corresponding to Fig. 10). THZ ...

Irradiation and water loss of TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets 13
b c d e f g h
Normalizedhydrogenflux
Planet mass (M⨁)
1.00
0.10
0.1...

14 V. Bourrier et al.
Hydrogenloss(EOH)Hydrogenloss(EOH)
Time (Myr)
b c d e f g h
Hydrogen loss
Hydrogen available
from ph...

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Irradiation and water loss of TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets 15
core-mantle boundary (CMB) temperature, Tc(0),
we use the melting t...

16 V. Bourrier et al.
less to Mercury-structured) in the stagnant lid mode -
and put the TRAPPIST-1 planets in context wit...

Irradiation and water loss of TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets 17
the planets in the energy-limited regime. With our
current knowledg...

18 V. Bourrier et al.
support from the Gruber Foundation Fellowship.
REFERENCES
Asimow, P. D., Dixon, J. E., & Langmuir, C...

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