Re imagining elt-lethabyslideshare

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•Carol Lethaby
• clethaby@clethaby.com
• http://clethaby.com
• @clethaby

Carol Lethaby: 2017
1 Technology and education
2 Language teaching methodology
3 Research and education
4 NNSTs and NSTs
5...

Carol Lethaby: 2017
1 Technology and education

Developments in technology and education
• A Use of technology – hardware, software and apps to help language
learning
Car...

Skype.com
Carol Lethaby: 2017

“… we genuinely use to socialise, study and
develop ourselves.”
• Peachey, 2012
Carol Lethaby: 2017

Carol Lethaby: 2017
But is this really what students want?

Canadian Higher Education Strategy
Associates
Carol Lethaby: 2017

•“Far from preferring to be immersed in a digital
world of self-directed learning, students seem to
still have an enormous...

• Students prefer ‘moderate’ use of technology
Carol Lethaby: 2017

•B The growth of distance (online) education
and blended learning options for learning
languages.
Carol Lethaby: 2017
Deve...

•Blake (2008) - students in the online-only and
hybrid courses achieved oral Spanish
proficiency comparable to that of stu...

Carol Lethaby: 2017

•“Zhao et al. (2005) found advantages for
blended learning (combining elements of online
and face-to-face communication) o...

•“Zhao et al. also found that instructor
involvement was a strong mediating variable.”
• Means et al, 53
Carol Lethaby: 20...

Instructional media
•“mere vehicles that deliver instruction but do
not influence student achievement any more
than the tr...

What about ‘digital natives’?
Carol Lethaby: 2017

Kennedy and Fox (2013)
•Students do use a variety of technologies ..
•But they use them for …
•“personal empowerment and e...

•… students are “not always digitally literate in
using technology to support their learning.”
• In De Bruyckere et al, 20...

•one study found that “the tools these students
used were largely established technologies, in
particular mobile phones, m...

•“ … what knowledge they do have is often
limited to basic Microsoft Office skills (Word,
Excel, PowerPoint), emailing, te...

Do your children know more about the internet
than you do?
A Definitely
B Maybe
C No
Carol Lethaby: 2017

•“Just 36 percent of Europe’s 9- to 16-year-olds
said that they knew more about the Internet
than their parents.”
• In de ...

•“Studies in other countries, including Australia,
Austria, Canada, Switzerland, and the United
States, all come to the sa...

• Pedro De Bruyckere , Paul A. Kirschner , Casper D. Hulshof
• Urban Myths about Learning and Education (Academic Press, 2...

• C Our brains are changing.
• Or are they?
Carol Lethaby: 2017
Developments in technology and education

• Shortened attention span?
• Not enough long-term research yet
• http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/01/education/technology-i...

•“What we’re labeling as ‘distraction,’ some see as a
failure of adults to see how these kids process
information,” Ms. Pu...

Carol Lethaby: 2017

•“A 2017 survey of more than 5,000 American
teens found that three out of four owned an
iPhone.”
Carol Lethaby: 2017

•“The results could not be clearer: Teens who
spend more time than average on screen
activities are more likely to be unha...

• A Multitasking Video Game Makes Old Brains Act Younger
(the possibility of ‘brain training’ for older people using video...

• “Of course, the brain changes any time we form a memory or learn a
new skill, but new skills build on our existing capac...

• “There are still a number of studies that point to a positive
gain in learning terms, but the majority equate the positi...

Re-imagining ELT
•‘Moderate’ use of technology
•The importance of the teacher
Carol Lethaby: 2017

Carol Lethaby: 2017
2 Language Teaching
Methodology

The evolving role of the teacher
A adapt to the presence of technology
Carol Lethaby: 2017

• “the need for a different approach to teacher
development that focuses on helping teachers with
their own digital litera...

•All K-12 teachers said Ed Tech is being used in
schools
•1 in 5 feel intimidated by ss knowledge
•1 in 4 have had any tra...

B Mobile devices and connectivity, more opportunities for
learning
Carol Lethaby: 2017
The evolving role of the teacher

• “The crucial factor for learning improvement is to make sure
that you do not replace the teacher as the instrument of
in...

C Changes in Methodology
Carol Lethaby: 2017
The evolving role of the teacher

Methodology?
•‘principled eclecticism’
•– HD Brown
What does this mean?
Carol Lethaby: 2017

Methodology?
•‘teaching unplugged’ – dogme – see Meddings
and Thornbury (2009) – conversation-driven,
materials-light, eme...

Methodology?
•‘ ‘Post-method’ – see Kumaravadivelu (2001) –
“particularity, practicality, and possibility” as
organizing p...

Methodology?
•Technology
•adapting role of the teacher eg ‘the flipped
classroom’
Carol Lethaby: 2017

•growth of distance and blended learning
Carol Lethaby: 2017

•adaptation of materials for mobile devices
Carol Lethaby: 2017

•possibility of more differentiation
Carol Lethaby: 2017

Adaptive learning
• Computer mediated learning without a teacher based on the
individual and unique needs of every learner...

• “use computers to supplement and amplify what the teacher
does.”
• De Bruyckere et al, 2015
Carol Lethaby: 2017

Re-imagining ELT
•More use of technology
•Reaction against technology / materials
•More attention to the context and situa...

Carol Lethaby: 2017
3 Research and education

• “Generally, research and theorising, which are the province
of a quite different discourse community, tend to intimidate...

• Should we focus on research or should we be more
‘enquirers’ as Alan Maley suggests?
Carol Lethaby: 2017

Is research important to teaching?
Carol Lethaby: 2017

Carol Lethaby: 2017
Neuroscience and teaching

Carol Lethaby: 2017

Carol Lethaby: 2017

•(
Carol Lethaby: 2017
An example of a neuromyth is that learning
is enhanced if people are classified and
taught accordin...

• Primary and secondary teachers around the world believe in
neuromyths (Dekker et al, 2012, Howard-Jones, 2014)
• …. So d...

30.12%
90.36%
60.24%
8. Learning styles in language learning
7. VAK
5. Left brain, right brain
Lethaby and Harries (2015-2...

•“the importance of a dialog between teachers
and neuroscience experts in order to establish
effective collaborations betw...

•“ … present information in the most appropriate
manner for our content and for the level of prior
knowledge, ability, and...

Re-imagining ELT:
•Be interested in and aware of evidence-based
research into teaching and learning
•Consider other fields...

Carol Lethaby: 2017
4 NNSTs and NSTs

Is the native speaker relevant?
• EFL learners set to reach about 2 billion in about 10 years
time.
(Graddol, 2006).
• TES...

• This means that the probability of English learners speaking
to a fellow English learner is higher than the probability ...

• Of the 763 million international travellers in 2004, 74% of
them were visitors from non-English speaking countries to
ot...

• What are the advantages and disadvantages of NNSTs?
Carol Lethaby: 2017

The Non-Native Speaker Teacher
• Has been through the same learning process as the learner
“the untrained or unqualified n...

The Non-Native Speaker Teacher
• Has a lot of explicit knowledge about English and can explain
form and function
(native s...

The Non-Native Speaker Teacher
• Shares linguistic knowledge about the L1 (in EFL situations)
Carol Lethaby: 2017

The Non-Native Speaker Teacher
Carol Lethaby: 2017
DtarazonaInfobgv
Shares cultural background knowledge with the
learner ...

Some Difficulties for the Non-Native Speaker
Teacher (See Medgyes, 2017)
• Methodology:
• Textbooks and materials are ofte...

Fighting discrimination:
• Job ads for native speakers only
• NNSTs being paid less
• Failure to take into account teacher...

http://teflequityadvocates.com/
Carol Lethaby: 2017

Carol Lethaby: 2017
5 Re-imagining ELT

1 Re-imagining technology in ELT
Adapting to technology – ‘moderate’ use of technology
Opportunities:
Teaching – classroom...

2 Re-imagining learners
Learners learning earlier – EYL - CLIL
Therefore: more content in English with older
learners
Caro...

3 Re-imagining methodology:
Based on context, but global and critical thinking
Focus on learners and their reality
Using t...

4 Re-imagining the role of research in ELT
Looking to other fields
Considering neuroscientific developments
Teachers and r...

5 Re-imagining the role of the NNST
The growing importance and relevance
The diminishing relevance of the NST
Fighting dis...

Carol Lethaby: 2017
1 Technology and education
2 Language teaching methodology
3 Research and education
4 NNSTs and NSTs
5...

Carol Lethaby: 2017

Question
What are the present and future professional training and
development needs of English language teachers
consider...

•Carol Lethaby
• clethaby@clethaby.com
• http://clethaby.com
• @clethaby

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