Compartment syndrome

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a u d i a f f a n h i d a y u l i y a n a h u s n a s a t i s h
COMPARTMENT
SYNDROME

An elevation of interstitial pressure in a closed osteo-fascial compartment that result in microvascular
compromise
It is ...

ANATOMY
COMPARTMENT OF FOREARM

ANATOMY
COMPARTMENT OF THE FOREARM
Volar Dorsal Lateral (mobile ward)
Most commanly affected
Includes :
1. Flexor carpi ra...

ANATOMY
COMPARTMENT OF THE HAND
There are 10 compartments in the hands, which include
1. Hypothenar
2. Thenar
3. Adductor ...

ANATOMY
COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGHS

ANATOMY
COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGHS
Anterior Posterior Adductor
1. Quadriceps
a) Rectus femoris
b) Vastus lateralis
c) Vastu...

ANATOMY
COMPARTMENT OF THE LEGS

ANATOMY
COMPARTMENT OF THE LEGS
Anterior Lateral Deep posterior Superficial
posterior
Function
Dorsiflexion of foot
and an...

Any condition that reduces the volume of a compartment or increases the
fluid content of the compartment can lead to an ac...

AETIOLOGY

Acute Compartment Syndrome Chronic Compartment Syndrome
 Medical emergency
 Caused by severe injury
 The classic sign o...

TISSUE SURVIVAL RATE
3-4 HOURS Reversible changes
6 HOUR Variable damage
8 HOUR Irreversible changes
MUSCLE
2 HOUR LOOSE N...

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
In the setting of acute extremity compartment syndrome
regardless of mechanism, the compartment pressure
i...

DIAGNOSIS
HISTORY AND PHYSICAL
paralysis
pain
pallor
paraesthesia
pulselessness
poikilothermia
Inability to regulate body ...

DIAGNOSIS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
1. Cellulitis
2. DVT and thrombophlebitis
3. Gas gangrene
4. Necrotizing fasciitis
5. Per...

DIAGNOSIS
EVALUATION
A diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome is not always obvious. Therefore,
serial examinations and f...

ACUTE COMPARTMENT SYNDROME (ACS)
Acute compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency, so a prompt diagnosis and
treatment a...

ACUTE COMPARTMENT SYNDROME (ACS)
 Urgent decompression is necessary to reduce the increased compartment pressure.
The ide...

FASCIOTOMY
Fasciotomy or fasciectomy is a surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to
relieve tension or pressure common...

EMERGENCY FASCIOTOMY
1. Dual medial-lateral incision approach
Two 15-18cm vertical incisions separated by 8cm skin bridge
...

EMERGENCY FASCIOTOMY
2. Single lateral incision approach
Single lateral incision from head of fibula to ankle along line o...

FASCIOTOMY
MANAGEMENT

FASCIOTOMY
MANAGEMENT

COMPLICATION OF FASCIOTOMIES
MANAGEMENT
1. Altered sensation within margin of wounds
(77%)
2. Dry, scaly skin (40%)
3. Pru...

CHRONIC COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
Chronic compartment syndrome in the lower leg can be treated
conservatively or surgically. Co...

 Permanent nerve damage
 Permanent muscle damage and reduced function of
affected limb
 Rhabdomyolysis which will lead ...

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