Physical Geography Lecture 09 - Water Resources (Ground water and i...

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Water Resources
Chapter 8
Water and Ice:
Underground and on the Surface

Movement:
1. Surface-to-Air
2. Air-to-Surface
3. On/Beneath the Surface

Subjects you’ll be studying in
this segment:
•Underground water
–Groundwater
–Hydrothermal sources
•Ice on the surface
–Pe...

Underground Water
•Small portion of Earth’s total water (0.5%)
•Significant source of water for humans
•But how did it get...

Surface and Sub-surface Water:
Into and Under the Ground
•Precipitation adds to the surface soil water
belt
•Water not tak...

Subsurface Flow
•At the base of a slope or
at a surface depression
that is lower than the
water table, subsurface
flow may...

Percolation
•The downward flow of water through pore
spaces in soil or rock under the influence of
gravity is called perco...

Porosity and Permeability
•Porosity—A measure of the total volume of
pore spaces through which liquids or gases
can pass, ...

Porosity and Permeability
•Permeability—How easily soil, rock
fragments, or solid rock allow water to enter
and pass throu...

Hydrologic Zones

Hydrologic Zones
•Zone of Aeration—The soil water belt; this
zone is not completely saturated—some pore
spaces are filled ...

Hydrologic Zones
•Zone of Saturation—All pore spaces in rock
or sediment filled with water
–The top of the zone of saturat...

Hydrologic Zones
•Zone of Saturation
–Effluent condition—The water
table is higher than a surface
depression; groundwater ...

What does a spring look like?

Hydrologic Zones
•Zone of Confined
Water—separated from the
zone of saturation by an
impermeable layer, called
an aquaclud...

Aquifers and Artesian Wells

Hydrologic Zones
•Waterless Zone—A few miles down, the
pressure too great; pore spaces collapse and
water can’t flow

Groundwater Management
•A lack of careful management can endanger
humans, wildlife, and vegetation
•Depletion and contamin...

Groundwater Management:
Issues
•Removal of groundwater faster
than natural recharge can
replace it may lead to a
depleted ...

Groundwater Management:
Issues
•As water is removed from the groundwater layer, it doesn’t
drop the water level uniformly ...

Groundwater Management:
Issues
•When pore spaces are left unrecharged, they collapse and
the ground sinks. This ground sub...

The Case of Venice, Italy
The worst acqua alta in memory, the one
that truly woke Venetians up to how bad
things could get...

•Contamination of groundwater
–Percolation through compromised landfills and
waste dump sites carrying pollutants into
gro...

Hydrothermal Activity
•Occurs where underground water comes into
contact with magma sources
•Temperatures as high as 400ºF...

Hydrothermal Features
•Hot springs
–Heat is dissipated evenly as the water rises to the
surface, so it flows slowly
Mornin...

Hydrothermal Features
•Geysers
–Heat is not lost, so
that water shoots
rapidly to the surface
as if exploding
Old Faithful...

Hydrothermal Features
•Fumaroles (steam vents)
–Above the water table, so little water is present; only
steam and volcanic...

Surface Water: Ice
•Permafrost—Permanently frozen ground
water; any subsoil that stays frozen for two
consecutive years is...

Melting permafrost is a serious problem
•Building foundations cracking as surface turns
to mud, broken pipelines, etc. (Th...

Surface Water: Glaciers
Extent of ice sheets
during last glacial
maximum (the last
Ice Age)

Current global extent of glacial ice

Surface Water: Ice
•Glaciers
–Large, moving mass of ice, forming on or adjacent
to a land surface through the accumulation...

Glaciers

Glaciers
•Constant motion scrapes away surface
material wherever the glacier is flowing

Glacial Moraines in Northern U.S.
•Glacial till (scraped material) is trapped and
transported by moving ice, then deposite...

Glaciers
•Two types of glaciers
–Alpine glaciers (mountain glaciers or valley
glaciers)
•Form in mountain valleys
–Contine...

Continental and Alpine Glaciers

What will happen when the
world’s glaciers melt?
•Melting sea ice is increasing temperatures in
the Arctic Ocean, reducing...

Lakes

Lakes
•A body of water surrounded by land (no size
definition)
•Many lakes, esp. in dry regions, are ephemeral (dry
for pa...

Lakes
•Lakes can be created by glaciation, crustal activity,
volcanism, sinkhole collapse, etc.
•The destiny of most lakes...

The Destruction of the Aral Sea

The Destruction of the Aral Sea

The Destruction of the Aral Sea

50
An alkali dust
storm building
along the shores of
Owens Lake, CA
Salts blowing across
Paoha Island, Mono
Lake, CA

Swamps and Marshes
•Associated with coastal
plains (like the area
surrounding S.F. and S.P.
Bays), broad river valleys,
an...

Surface Water: Streams
•Runoff—water that flows downslope along the
surface is called overland flow
–Runoff that flows dow...

Share Slideshare

LinkedIn
Facebook
Twitter

Embed

Size (px)

Show related Slideshows at end

WordPress Shortcode

Link

Share
Email

Ground Water (Unit-V) by GAURAV. H .TANDON 57519 views
Sources of water by CMA Himanshu Bahl 89557 views
Water resources by Jasmine John 130361 views
Water Resources Power Point Present... by natalia97 284646 views
Location, Climate, and Natural Reso... by JakeGreenLMS 6212 views
A SYSTEMATIC ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNIT... by Sai Bhaskar Reddy... 646 views

View on Slideshare

1 of 52 Ad

View on Slideshare

1 of 52 Ad