Improve on-farm irrigation management

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Improve on-farm irrigation management
Atef Swelam, ICARDA
On-farm irrigation management
a.swelam@cgiar.org

The available annual
water per capita is
about 600 m3
Egypt
Population is about 95 million
95% of Egypt land is desert
Ren...

 land fragmentation
 lack of appropriate good agricultural practices (GAP) at the field level
 adoption of new AWM prac...

Donors
National
/Int’l
Research
Institutions
Demo Farms
1
2
3
3
2
1
• Key
Findings1
• Recom.
2
Research Impact/Communicati...

Technical
Environ-
mental
Socio-
economical
Agricultural Water Management Elements
SAgWM
• Innovation
• Research gaps
(com...

Better Livelihoods
Economical
Environ-
mental
Technical
Better Water Management
Social
System Change Management & inputs

New Land system
Old Land system
Salt-affected Land system
Agro-Systems in Egypt
Desert Land system

Egypt Agroecosystems
New reclaimed Land
Old Land (Delta)
Salt-affected Land
55%
20%
25%

Improve
L & W
productivity
Sustainabilit
y of intensive
agricultural
functions
Manage
salinity to
improve L & W
productivi...

Typical Nile Delta farm layout
Agriculture
• Survival function
• Intensive farming practices
• Diversified and free crop r...

Nile Delta Irrigation/Drainage Network

Irrigation
• Flood irrigation, agriculture uses
85% available water
• Inequity of water distribution (social
conflicts)
• ...

How can we shift from current practices to best practices and achieve the
potential production?
Yield
(Egyptian Lira/acre)

Central Objective: To sustainably improve the livelihoods of resource-poor
rural communities in Egypt by introducing open-...

Management of Saline Soils to Improve Productivity

Low quality irrigation water (mixed)
Poor soil structurer
Rapid salinity build up

Salinity in Irrigated Areas is Unavoidable………
………Unless irrigation and salts are well managed

Subsoiling Gypsum application
Gypsum is a good option to improve the soil salinity
by replacing sodium with calcium

Maintenance and operation of open field drains
It is important to maintain
the open field drains to be
capable to convey d...

Mole drain practice to improve drainage efficiency and improve soil quality

1st season 3rd season

FP MRB
Mechanized raisedbed practice to improve soil salinity

Fertilizer management under saline water irrigation
Fertilizer management under
conjunctive use of saline water
 Nitrogen...

Mulching of alternate furrows and
irrigation with saline water on a
salt-affected soil
 Decrease ET by 12%
 Increase is ...

Sustainable interventions to address degradation associated with
salt-affected soils
Packages introduced include: applicat...

1. Improve the estimation of ETc and Kc for farmers and water agencies
2. Validating the crop ET using Energy Balance
3. D...

ET = Rn - G - H
Rn
(radiation from sun)
Heat to air
Transpiration
heat to Ground
The energy balance includes all major sou...

Using Energy Balance (SR and EC) to
measure ET for field crops in Nile Delta

Using Energy Balance (SR
and EC) to measure ET for
orchards in Nile Delta

Results Samples

Updating crop coefficients
Wheat 09/10
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 9...

Epan Chart
A-pan reading
Equivalent ETo value
9.9
17.5
Simple for technicians

Farm level practices for better
water demand management

Deficit irrigation to adapt with water
shortage conditions

Simple but difficult to achieve
Water Demand Developed Water Supply
Water Demand
Developed Water Supply
In the region

Newland Characteristics
Collective Action Irrigation
Lined canals 100% pumped water
Pressurized irrigation systems

Poor soils, inequity of water distribution
and uncertainty are the main issues

DI ETc
Adoption of Deficit Irrigation in Newlands
An example for adaptation to climate change
DI is:
A useful option for i...

Reduce negative impact of DI by other management

Interaction between irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield
- 7%

<<
Water productivity as affected by DI

I1=75%ET, N2=100%I1=100%ET, N1=75% I2=75%ET, N1=75%
High quality yield

I3=125%ET, N1=75%I2=75%ET, N2=100% I3=125%ET, N2=100%
Low quality yield

Central Objective: To sustainably improve the livelihoods of resource-poor
rural communities in Minya and Fayoum governora...

Expected Outcomes
 Marwas in pilot areas Minya and Fayoum are improved
 Farmers in Minya and Fayoum adopt more efficient...

Project Interventions
 Promote farmers’ awareness on the adoption of good irrigation practices and improve the
convention...

Meska
line
Farm
valve
Farm
outlet
Pumping
house

Work package-1: Marwa Improvement

• Inception workshop conducted on 13-14
February
• The baseline survey started to select the
locations of marwas for rehab...

Mechanized raisedbed technology to
improve water and land productivity

Mechanized raisedbed technology to
improve water and land productivity

Conventional farmer practices

Mechanized Raisedbed (Evaporation )Farmer practices (Evaporation )
+
-

Development of water saving
technology for small-scale
farms to improve land and
water productivity in the Nile
Implemente...

Soil moisture uniformity distribution to avoid water stress in the middle rows
Evaporation + Transpiration
-
Yield

Comparison between Mechanized Raisedbed (MRB)
and Farmer Practices (FP) in Applied Water
FP MRB

MRB: Better seed distributionFP: Bad seed distribution
Waterlogging due to heavy rain and/or
over-irrigation
Safe disposal...

Depressive Impressive
FP MRB

Depressive Impressive
FP MRB

6125
4775
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Traditional Method MRB
Appliedwater(m3/ha)
27% +
22% -
64% +

Wheat grain yield of farmer practices vs MRB
Ardab = 150 kg
10 ton/ha
or 1 kg/m2
Farmer’s Name

Benefits to Farmers
The RB helped the wheat growers to:
 save the applied water by 20-25%
 reduce seed rate by 50%
 dec...

Manual implementation of RB,
but the cost was very high and
the adoption was very low!!

Farmers adoption/adaptation

Development of the machine
prototype at a local workshop

Multi-option machine

The machine can be used
in tilled and untilled soil

Implementation of mechanized raisedbed at farmer fields

Maturity Stage
Establishment StageGermination Stage
Mechanical Harvesting of MRB
Implementation of mechanized raisedbed fo...

20 cm20 cm
Adjustment for maize crop according to the seed size and inter-plant distance

MRB Fababean
MRB Sugarbeet

The development of wheat area grown on raisedbed (ha) in Sharkia governorate
Up-to-date progress made to scale-out the rai...

The Egypt wheat strategy targets 600,00 ha cultivated under RB system by 2020

How do we do that?
Benchmark Advisory Group
(interaction with farmers/technical
backstopping)
Demonstration fields at farm...

Satellite
village
Demo Farms
(Core farmers)
Target
Community
Farmers Clusters
Build farmer groups
one of which is
women on...

Farmers’ Ownership
Farmers were involved in the whole process

Benchmark Advisory
Group
(interaction with farmers
& technical backstopping)

Training of key farmers

Solving water conflicts between upstream and downstream water users

Local dissemination
Direct dissemination

High level workshop on
Raisedbed attended by:
• Minister of
agriculture
• Sharkai Governor
• ICARDA DG
• FAO Deputy of ADG...

Nile Basin Learning Routes

Jobs creation as an impact from the raised innovation

Jobs creation as an impact from the raised innovation

Due to its success and impact achieved, other countries in the region has strongly
requested ICARDA to test and scale out ...

Scale out to other countries
Several machines have been produced and sent to:
(Ethiopia, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, Morocco, Nige...

ICARDA’s Enhanced
2019 Model

Implemented by
Supported by
Acknowledgement

Thank you

Improve on-farm irrigation management

Improve on-farm irrigation management

Improve on-farm irrigation management

Improve on-farm irrigation management

Improve on-farm irrigation management

You are reading a preview.

Activate your 30 day free trial to continue reading.

Share SlideShare

Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn

Embed

Size (px)

Show related SlideShares at end

WordPress Shortcode

Link

LinkedIn
Facebook
Twitter
Email

Replay

Top clipped slide

1 of 94 Ad

1 of 94 Ad