Regulatory and allosteric enzymes and allostrerism

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Addis Ababa University
School of Medicine
Department of Biochemistry
Regulatory and Allosteric enzymes and Allosterism
By
...

Contents
• Regulatory enzymes
• Reversible covalent modification of enzyme
• Reversible non-covalent modification of enzym...

Regulatory Enzyme
• Why we are curios about enzyme regulation???????
• Most metabolic reactions are multi-step cascade
pro...

Cont’d
• In most multi-enzyme systems the first enzyme
that is specific for that sequence is a regulatory
enzyme.
• Cataly...

Cont’d
• The activity of regulatory enzymes is modulated
through various types of signal molecules, which
are generally sm...

Cont’d
Regulation of Enzyme activity
Reversible non-covalent
modification:
Allosteric Regulation
1) Allostric Activator
2)...

Reversible Covalent Modification
• Catalytic activity is modulated by reversible covalent
modification of enzymes.
• More ...

Cont’d
 Common reversible covalent modification of
enzyme:
1. Phosphorylation: most common type, addition of
phosphate gr...

Cont’d
9

Cont’d
• Examples of reversible covalent modifications of enzymes
• ADP ribose derived from Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleot...

Phosphorylation Affect Structure and
Catalytic Activity of Proteins
• Phosphorylation: most common type of regulatory
cova...

Cont’d
• Some proteins have only one phosphorylated
residue, other have several for phosphorylation.
• Phosphoryl groups a...

Regulation Glycogen phoshopylase by
Covalent Modification
• Phosphorylase exists in two forms:
More active phosphorylase ...

Allosteric Enzymes
• Allosteric enzymes are a class of Regulatory
enzymes.
• Definition: A type of enzyme regulation by th...

Cont’d
• Allosteric modulators may be inhibitory or stimulatory.
• Two types of Allosteric enzymes based on the nature of
...

Cont’d
• Conformational change affect the subsequent
enzymatic activity.
• If modulator is any molecule other than substra...

Allosteric Enzyme Regulation
17

Cont’d
• Allosteric enzymes are larger & complex than non-
allosteric enzymes.
• Allosteric enzymes possess many sub-units...

Cont’d
• Substrate binding site is called catalytic subunit or C
subunit.
• Modulator binding site is called the regulator...

Cont’d
• Once the modulator is dissociate from the
regulatory subunit, the enzyme reverts to its
inactive or less active f...

Lineweaver-Burk Plot & Allosteric
Enzyme
• The Lineweaver-Burk plot also shows difference from
usual enzymes.
• Lineweaver...

Feedback inhibition
• Feedback inhibition is a specific type of allosteric
enzymatic activity regulation mechanism in the
...

Feedback Regulation
• Feedback regulation is different from feedback
inhibition.
• A type of enzymatic activity regulation...

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