The Flynn Effect in Atkins MR/ID death penalty cases. Adjust or no...

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The Flynn Effect in Atkins MR/ID cases<br />To adjust or not to adjust?—that is the question<br />Kevin S. McGrew, Ph.D.<b...

Presenting in role as Director of IAP<br />…..not…..<br /><ul><li>University of Minnesota (Visiting Professor-Ed. Psych.)

Woodcock-Munoz Foundation (WMF Research Director)

Measurement Learning Consultants (MLC Associate Director)

WJ III author team (co-author with financial interest) or Riverside Publishing

AAIDD Death Penalty Task Force (member)</li></li></ul><li>For more information<br />

(n = 143 references/articles)<br />

For more information<br />

<ul><li>Definition and Brief Historical Overview

Is the Flynn Effect a Scientifically Accepted Fact? Is it Real?

Should a Flynn Effect “Adjustment” be made in Atkins Cases?

Commentary—Bright lines and shades of gray

Recommended readings</li></ul>(Primary focus of presentation today)<br />

Flynn Effect Definition<br />“a gradual rise of IQ level that has been observed since the time when records of IQ first we...

Flynn Effect Definition<br />“Softening" of IQ tests norms with the passage of time. <br />Norm obsolescenceis a more des...

Sometimes a different example or perspective helps others understand the concept of norm obsolescence (aka, FE)<br />

Figure 2. Smoothed Frequency Distributions of Body Mass Index for Men Aged 40 to 59 Years in 1999-2000 and 2007-2008<br ...

(b) subtract the same constant value from the patients current BMI and then evaluate that “adjusted” BMI against the BMI ...

<ul><li> Definition and Brief Historical Overview

Is the Flynn Effect a Scientifically Accepted Fact? Is it Real?

Should a Flynn Effect “Adjustment” be made in Atkins Cases?

Commentary—Bright lines and shades of gray

Recommended readings</li></li></ul><li> Is the Flynn Effect a Scientifically Accepted Fact ? Is it Real ?<br />Summary C...

09 (8.0%) not supportive ("no"),

04 (3.5%) mixed or neutral

14 (12.4%) not relevant</li></ul>Of relevant papers (n = 99):<br /> 86.9 % yes<br /> 09.1 % no<br /> 04.0 % mixed<br />

(2010)<br />“The consensus of most (but not all) intelligence scholars is that the Flynn effect (FE), at the<br />level of...

(2010)<br />“The Flynn effect (FE) is well known” and the “rate of increase in the United States has apparently remained a...

(2010)<br /> “We agree that mean IQ scores shift over time, that psychologists should use the most current appropriate IQ ...

(1999)<br />“ Even with a healthy dose of skepticism, the effect rises above purely methodological interpretation, and app...

<ul><li> Definition and Brief Historical Overview

Is the Flynn Effect a Scientifically Accepted Fact? Is it Real?

Should a Flynn Effect “Adjustment” be made in Atkins Cases?

Commentary—Bright lines and shades of gray

Recommended readings</li></li></ul><li>Professional (not legal) Atkins FE adjust-not adjust “tipping point” ?<br />(circa...

Greenspan (2006, 2007)<br />

Moore (2006)..in response to Greenspan (2006)<br />

Point/Counterpoint of 5 major FE (norm obsolescence) issues in professional(not legal) literature<br />

5 major FE (norm obsolescence) professional issues<br /># 1. Is norm obsolescence (aka, Flynn Effect) an established scien...

# 1<br />Is norm obsolescence (aka, Flynn Effect) a real established scientific fact or has it only become a significant ...

Point: FE adjustment was given birth by Atkins more for advocacy/legal reasons <br />#1<br />(2010)<br />“For the 18 year...

Counterpoint: FE adjustment recommendations pre-dates Atkins and is not MR/ID-specific<br />#1<br />(1985)<br />“Flynn pr...

Counterpoint: FE adjustment recommendations pre-dates Atkins and is not MR/ID-specific<br />#1<br />(2000)<br />“It is ce...

Counterpoint: FE adjustment recommendations pre-dates Atkins and is not MR/ID-specific<br />#1<br />Truscott and colleagu...

Counterpoint: FE adjustment recommendations pre-dates Atkins and is not MR/ID-specific<br />#1<br />“Recency of norms” or...

Yes—but….<br />#1<br />(2010)<br />“Most (79%) contemporary applied textbooks cite Flynn’s research and mention the FE by ...

# 2<br />What do the test manuals (publishers) say about the adjustment of individual IQ scores for norm obsolescence ?<br />

Point: IQ test manuals don’t mention it, which is an indicator that it is not customary best practice<br />#2<br />(2008)...

Point IQ test manuals don’t mention it, which is an indicator that it is not customary best practice<br />#2<br />(2010)<...

Counterpoint: IQ test manuals don’t mention it due to context and vested interests. <br />#2<br />(2011)<br /> “…context...

Counterpoint: Decreasing IQ test revision interval is implied recognition by test publishers<br />#2<br />Notice the obvi...

# 3<br />Can a group statistical phenomena (norm obsolescence) be applied to the score of an individual?<br />

Point: The FE is a group finding and should not be applied to the adjustment of an individual scores<br />#3<br />(2008)<...

Counterpoint: The application of group data to individual IQ test performance constitutes virtually the entire field of p...

Counterpoint: The application of group data to individual IQ test performance constitutes virtually the entire field of p...

Counterpoint: The application of group data to individual IQ test performance constitutes virtually the entire field of p...

Yes—but….<br />#3<br />(2010)<br />“An all-inclusive declaration about ‘every individual’ does not, however, adequately ac...

# 4<br />Is the adjustment of an individual IQ score for norm obsolescence consistent with established professional standa...

Point: Adjusting scores is not the accepted standard of practice<br />#4<br />(2008)<br />“… adjusting obtained scores an...

Survey of Diplomates in School Psychology

Systematic review of IQ test manuals (#2) , contemporary textbooks on IQ testing (#1), federally regulated IQ testing pro...

Counterpoint: Standards of practice are set by professional association consensus reports written by experts<br />#4<br /...

Counterpoint: Standards of practice are set by professional association consensus reports written by experts<br />#4<br /...

Counterpoint: Standards of practice are set by consensus reports written by experts<br />#4<br />(2010)<br />However, sta...

Counterpoint: Standards of practice are set by consensus reports written by experts<br />#4<br />“As discussed in the Use...

Yes—but….<br />#4<br />(2010)<br />A national survey of American Board of Professional Psychology school psychologists and...

Yes—but….<br />#4<br />(2010)<br />“Our disagreement lies in how psychologists should convey IQ scores in light of the obs...

# 5<br />Is there sufficient scientific evidence upon which to base a norm obsolescence adjustment rule-of-thumb?<br />

Point: Extant norm obsolescence (FE) research does not provide a solid scientific basis for prescribing an agreed upon ad...

Counterpoint: Scholars who have reviewed the literature have generally reached a professional consensus re: the FE 3/deca...

Counterpoint: Approximately true is preferable to the certainly false<br />#5<br />(2010)<br />Admittedly, debate and var...

Counterpoint: Approximately true is preferable to the certainly false<br />#5<br />(2008)<br />(2008). In L. M. Glidden ...

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