Introduction to Geography's most important concepts

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Geography is the science of
place and space. Geographers
ask where things are located
on the surface of the earth, why
the...

Aims
• To identify the Important Geographical
Ideas (IGIs or Concepts).
• To define and give examples of the
important con...

IMPORTANT
GEOGRAHPIC
IDEAS

WHAT ARE THE? = Important
Geographic Ideas (Concepts)
As we go through this presentation
you need to write down a definiti...

Location
Distance
Accessibility
Pattern
Process
Region
Systems
Perception
Change
Culture
Interaction

All of the pictures on your sheet represent one of the important concepts in
geography.
In your pairs write each concept (...

THE ASIAN TSUNAMI:
Examples of the IGI’s
To understand why these
concepts are important and show
how they relate to people...

LOCATION and
DISTANCE
• Where something is found
• How far away something is

LOCATION AND DISTANCE
• Where
was the
Tsunami
located?
• What
distance
did the
Tsunami
travel?

PATTERN
• The arrangement of features in
space.

PATTERNS
• The Tsunami was caused by an earthquake near Indonesia. The
Indo-Australian plate and Eurasian plate collided. ...

Earthquakes around the world (represented by black dots)
Study this map very carefully before moving onto the next slide

What pattern is produced from Earthquakes?
(note that this map is not centered on the Pacific Ocean, like the
previous map)

REGION
• An area with at least one
common feature

REGION - What did the region look like before?
Coral Reefs around tropical
Indian Ocean waters.
Beautiful white
sandy beac...

What did the REGION look like after the
Tsunami…

Much of the environment has been
washed away.

CULTURE
• A common way of life
shared by a group of people

CULTURE
• Who are the people that live
in this region? - What
cultures are found here?
• Culture refers to the way of
life...

• How have peoples culture
changed? What happened to
people during this event?
People after the event
Women in
Sri Lanka
o...

Many tourists stay on and either
help in the clean-up or continue
their holidays. Influence on tourist
culture?
People are...

What other cultural activities have been influenced by the
Tsunami? Cultures have been bought together are
influencing eac...

CHANGE
• Occurs in different places at
different times and rates.
Change makes something
different.

CHANGE
• How has the natural and cultural landscape
changed by the Tsunami?
Patong main street, Phuket, Thailand.
Before A...

BEFORE
Banda Aceh, Indonesia - 23rd
of June 2004

AFTER
Banda Aceh, Indonesia - 28th of December 2004

BEFORE
Banda Aceh, Indonesia - 23rd of June 2004

AFTER
Banda Aceh, Indonesia - 28th of December 2004

PERCEPTION
• People’s values and culture
influence the way in which they
perceive and use their
environment.

How has
this event
changed
people’s
perceptions
?
PERCEPTION
This image was
seen by millions
of Muslims
around the world.
...

What perceptions do tourists have? Have
their perceptions changed?
Tourists and locals are getting tattoos
to symbolise th...

ACCESSIBILITY
• How easy it is to get to a place

ACCESSIBILITY
How Accessible are
resources that they
people need?
How do people get around?
How do they get clean water
an...

Access to basic necessities such as…
WATER

HOUSING FOOD

• How have people’s
livelihoods been
affected?
Fishing industries have been
destroyed – the fish are still there,
but the ...

Market
places
near the
coast are
destroyed.
Where will
people buy
food?
How will
they earn
an
income?
A market place in Ac...

The Tourism Industry supports many families – will tourists
return? How will this impact on peoples livelihoods?
Beaches
a...

The damage of this region has made some areas
inaccessible for equipment such as bull-dozers to clean up.
To make the area...

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are so isolated
that it took many days for relief teams reach them.
Aid took even longer.

INTERACTION
• A two-way action that takes place
in the natural and cultural
environment

INTERACTION
People interacting with each other – influencing
each other and effecting each other…
What is the interaction ...

Interaction of victims and health care workers from around the
world… trying to make it accessible for everyone in the aff...

SYSTEM
• A set of features linked together to
form a whole

SYSTEMS
• Aid can be seen as a system…
Inputs
Money
Food
Aid Workers
Processes
Transportation
Communication
Outputs
Clean ...

Food and Water is delivered as quickly as possible
– inputs and processes in action!
Aid arrives at a isolated Sri
Lankan ...

PROCESS
• A sequence of related actions

PROCESS
The process of body
identification and burial…
What are the sequence of
related events happening
here?
1 – find th...

THE PROCESS OF AID: The
children of the Tsunami show
amazing resilience as they live
with the after affects of this
disast...

Worldwide Aid
The cricket games have
raised millions!
$50,000 for every ‘6’ and
$1,000 for every run!
Globalisation is
hig...

Women in
Indonesia
collect
donations
in
umbrellas
Governments
such as NZ
send members
of the Defence
Force to help.
Concer...

Geographic Concepts Quiz
• 1. Location. Describe the location of Mt Ruapehu in New Zealand.
• 2. Distance. Describe the di...

World Facts
Did you know . . ?
• The most populous country in the world?
China… 1, 295, 401, 418
as of 5:00 p.m., May 27, ...

• The largest sea? The Mediterranean Sea
which is 1, 144, 800 square miles.
• The largest lake? The Caspian Sea at
152, 23...

• The largest waterfall? Angel Falls in Venezuela. It
rises 3, 212 feet in height.
• The highest mountain? Mount Everest i...

• The most destructive known earthquake?
Occurred in Shansi China on January 23, 1556,
killing 830,000 people.
• The lowes...

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