Interactive E-Books

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Interactive E-books
Christian Glahn

For swiss academics
Interactive E-books
=
Enhanced digital book publications

1. The Web, mobiles, and e-books
2. Modes of interactivity
3. Interactivity and managed learning

Once upon a time …
the WWW and PDF were new (1993/4)
PDF
HTML

… but then computers went mobile
• 1st popular smart device (1996)
• Low resolution screen
(160x160px)
• Monochrome gr...

E-books reach out to domains
where the WWW and PDF fail(ed)
to meet the user-requirements.
• Offline capability
• Re-f...

E-books are “mobile first”
resources by design!
Web-technologies became (much) later
part of the game.
“Web-only e-boo...

PDFs are no e-books??
What is an E-Book?

E-books are content-packaging
formats for distributing publications
to a wide range of digital displaying
technologies ...

For co mpariso n …
PDF is a content format for the
lossless distribution of layouted
documents to a wide range of
prin...

E-books are content-packaging
formats for distributing publications
to a wide range of digital displaying
technologies

E-books are content-packaging
formats for distributing publications
to a wide range of digital displaying
technologies

EPUB version 2 uses XHTML + CSS2 for
formatting.
• Mostly text and images
• Basic interaction
EPUB version 3 uses HTML...

E-books are no longer
limited to text and images.
But many "ereaders" already
have problems with handling
images corre...

EPUB introduces “fixed-layout”
documents as alternative to
“reflowable” documents.
Kiss Mar r y Avo i d X

EPUB3 introduces scripting
for interactive content
"Progressive enhancement” for
mos t accessible content!

EPUB3 defines ereaders as
runtime environments for
interactive content.
Can we publish
apps as e-books?!

The Line Between
Apps, Web-apps, and E-books
Native Apps Web-Apps E-books
Full
Device
Capabilities
Online
Business ...

E-books support different
interactions
• Annotations
• References (Links)
• Interactive graphics
• Quizzes
• Interac...

Annotations
• Audience-based document
enrichment
• All ereaders provide basic
annotation.
• Highlights
• Notes
• Ma...

Footnotes and Links
• HTML anchors and
links help to move
between chapters and
sections
• “epub:type” links allow
to...

Interactive Graphics
• SVG or HTML5 Canvas
graphics preferred
• Works well for diagrams
• PNG or JPEG if photos are
r...

Quizzes
• HTML form elements and
form-like interactions
• Some Javascript necessary!
Most authors and
ereaders will f...

Interactive storylines
• Different levels of interactivity
• Content-level scripting
• Changes the content in one chapt...

Supporting Ereader Capabilities
Providing fallback content for non-scriptable
ereaders is mandatory!
• epub:switch, epu...

The Persistency Pitfall
Persistency of interaction results does not
come for free!
Ereaders force reset the scripting e...

The Future: Reducing Complexity
for Authors
New widget specification
for EPUB
• Organise interaction logic in
(reusab...

E-books
and
Managed Learning

SCORM E-books are content-packaging
formats for distributing publications
to a wide range of digital displaying
technol...

vs.
• (X)HTML as the primary
data format
• Embedded interaction
• Sequencing via
pagination (and scripts)
• No user-...

EDUPUB Assessment and
Analytics will take some time
• EDUPUB will require IMS LTI conformance
for back-channels
• IMS ...

Overcoming the Gap
for Managed Learning
EPUB and XAPI Integration (IEEE ADB Initiative)
• Interactions are stored as ex...

XAPI lo oks promising,
but there are hidden challenges
EPUB does not define how to
organise back-channels.
Not a techn...

Who owns the
E-book Back-channels?
Authors Publishers
Readers &
Institutions
(teachers/learners)
Distributors

Who owns the
E-book Back-channels?
Authors Publishers
Readers &
Institutions
(teachers/learners)
Distributors
back-...

X Who owns the
E-book Back-channels?
XX
Authors Publishers
Readers &
Institutions
(teachers/learners)
Distributors ...

Who owns the
E-book Back-channels?
X
Authors Publishers
Readers &
Institutions
(teachers/learners)
Distributors
Sw...

Who owns the
E-book Back-channels?
Authors
Readers &
Institutions
(teachers/learners)
Publishers
Distributors ?

Summary
• E-books are mobile-first resources
• E-books are not limited to text and images, but keep the
accessibility i...

Dr. Christian Glahn
http://www.isn.ethz.ch
@phish108
http://slidesha.re/phish108
http://lo-f.at/glahn

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