The inter war crisis

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THE INTER-WAR CRISIS
1919 - 1939

THE INTER-WAR ECONOMY
1919-1939

THE POST-WAR CRISISCauses
The material destruction during WWI
The reduced work-force brought about by the millions
of deat...

 In post-war Germany, this
economic crisis was
especially severe because
of the reparations
payments that the country
had...

THE ROARING TWENTIES
 The USA and Japan were the first countries to recover
from the crisis, since they had not been deva...

THE ROARING TWENTIES
New forms of
entertainment
Increased
consumption
A rapid growth
in financial
investments

 Music
 Radio shows
 Cabarets
 Ballrooms
 Music halls
THE ROARING TWENTIES

 Cinema
 A new film industry developed.
 Famous Hollywood stars
THE ROARING TWENTIES
Greta Garbo Charlie Chaplin

 Consumerism
 People spent more money on cars, household
appliances and luxury goods.
THE ROARING TWENTIES

 Investments
 People speculated, buying shares and making large
profits over short periods of time.
THE ROARING TWENTIES

THE GREAT DEPRESSION
 At the end of the 1929, a
series of problems in the USA
caused a major crisis, known
as the Great D...

THE GREAT DEPRESSION
CAUSES
Overproduction
Falling
consumption
The Wall Street
Crash

THE GREAT DEPRESSION
 OVERPRODUCTION
 American industry produced more goods than the
population needed.
 When companies...

THE GREAT DEPRESSION
 FALLING CONSUMPTION
 When companies closed
down, people lost their jobs and
stopped spending money...

THE GREAT DEPRESSION
 THE WALL STREET CRASH
 When many companies
whose shares were sold on
the stock market began to
fai...

THE GREAT DEPRESSION
 How did the American Great Depression affect to Europe?
 USA asked Europe to repay the loans that ...

THE GREAT DEPRESSION
 How did the American Great Depression affect to international
trade?
 Many countries adopted prote...

THE GREAT DEPRESSION
 How did the people react during the «Great Depression» 1929?
 There were protests against the gove...

POLITICAL SYSTEMS DURING
THE INTERWAR PERIOD (1919 – 1939)

REMEMBER: WHAT IS A
DEMOCRATIC STATE?
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION THROUGH DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS
Not every citizen can participate...

REMEMBER: WHAT IS A
DEMOCRATIC STATE?
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION THROUGH DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS
Not every citizen can participate...

REMEMBER:
WHAT IS A DEMOCRATIC STATE?
The separation of powers protects people form abuse by the
authorities because the t...

REMEMBER: WHAT IS A
DEMOCRATIC STATE?
The highest law in states which are ruled by the law is the
CONSTITUTION:
• It defin...

REMEMBER:
WHAT IS A DICTATORSHIP?
Power
concentrated
In one person
or
In one group
Army
An ethnic
group
A religious
group
...

REMEMBER:
WHAT IS A DICTATORSHIP?
Dictators often use violence to gain power in
A revolution A coup d état
A small group
t...

REMEMBER:
WHAT IS A DICTATORSHIP?
DICTATORSHIP
NO CITIZEN
PARTICIPATION
NO SEPARATION
OF POWERS
VIOLATION OF
HUMAN RIGHTS
...

DEMOCRATIC STATES

DEMOCRATIC STATES
AFTER WWI
DEMOCRATICSTATES
AFTERWWI
EUROPE
Great Britain
(Parliamentary Monarchy)
France
(A republic)
Ge...

EUROPEAN DEMOCRACIES
 Where European democracies in Great
Britain, France and Germany perfect?
 No, because the democrac...

EUROPEAN DEMOCRACIES
Two political
wings
Left-wing Workers
Right-wing
Bourgeoisie
and the upper
classes
There was a divisi...

EUROPEAN DEMOCRACIES
LEFT-WING PARTIES
• Workers reacted by voting for political parties that
defended their interests.
• ...

EUROPEAN DEMOCRACIES
Left-wing parties
Social Democratic
and Labour parties
Favoured moderate
policies, within the
limits ...

EUROPEAN DEMOCRACIES
RIGHT-WING PARTIES
• In response to this growth in support for left-wing
parties, the bourgeoisie and...

DEMOCRACY IN THE USA
 During 1920s and 1930s, the USA was already a
democracy, but different from the European
democracie...

 TWO-PARTY POLITICAL SYSTEM
 Similarities:
 Both parties supported the capitalist system and free
markets
DEMOCRACY IN ...

DEMOCRACY IN THE USA
TWO-PARTY POLITICAL SYSTEM
DIFFERENCES
THE REPUBLICAN PARTY
- They opposed the government
interventio...

DEMOCRACY IN THE USA
 Which party governed in the USA during
1920s and 1930s?
 During the Roaring Twenties, the Republic...

DEMOCRACY IN THE USA
 Which party governed in the USA during 1920s and
1930s?
 In 1933 the Democrats returned to Power, ...

DEMOCRACY IN THE USA
NEW DEAL
Public-works programmes to create
jobs and reduce unemployment
The establishment of a basic ...

THE CRISIS OF THE DEMOCRACY
AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
TOTALITARIANISM

THE SUCCESS OF THE FIRST
DICTATORSHIPS
POLITICAL SITUATION AFTER WWI
 After WWI, the authoritarian empires had disappeare...

THE EFFECTS OF THE POST-WAR CRISIS
 In this context of economic and political crisis, in
some countries dictatorial regim...

THE EXPANSION OF
THE CRISIS OF 1929

THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE ECONOMIC
CRISIS OF 1929
 The population didn t trust on democracy and the
traditional parties bec...

THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE ECONOMIC
CRISIS OF 1929
 The workers and peasants, who suffered severe
effects of the crisis, sup...

THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE ECONOMIC
CRISIS OF 1929
 In this context, in 1930s new dictatorships
appeared:
 Austria (Dolfus)...

POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN EUROPE
Comparison 1919 and 1939

TOTALITARIAN REGIMES
IN THE INTER-WAR PERIOD
 TOTALITARIANISM
 Political regime which eliminates the individual
freedom ...

TOTALITARIAN REGIMES
LEFT-WING
AUTHORITARIAN
REGIME
- It came to power in the
USSR as a result of the
Russian Revolution.
...

COMMON FEATURES
POLITICS
Power was concentrated in the hands of a
supreme leader and one ruling political party
STALIN: Co...

COMMON FEATURES
POLITICS
 Propaganda was used to spread the party s
message and glorify the leader.

COMMON FEATURES
POLITICS
 There were no free elections.
 Other political parties were prohibited.

COMMON FEATURES:
ECONOMY
 The state intervened and controlled the
economy.
 Public-works programmes were used to
reduce ...

COMMON FEATURES:
SOCIETY
 The State limited rights and freedoms.
 Repressive mesures were used against people
who oppose...

COMMON FEATURES:
FOREIGN POLICY
 These regimes pursued expansionist foreign
policies to gain new territory and access to
...

STALINISM

STALINISM
 Lenin died in 1924.
Lenin s mummy

STALINISM
 Stalin had been named
General Secretary of the
CPSU in 1922.
 After Lenin s death, Stalin
became the new lead...

STALINISM
 In 1929 Stalin controlled all the branches of the
government and established a personal
dictatorship through t...

STALINISM
 The cult of personality.
 Stalin used the propaganda to glorify himself as the
“great benefactor” and “father...

STALINISM
 The reinforcement of the Communist Party.
 In order to participate in politics through the
soviets, it was ne...

STALINISM
 The terror.
 The political opponents
and the general
population were
persecuted.
 The instrument used to
car...

STALINISM
 The terror.
 The policy of terror was applied through purges.
 The most intensive purges developed between 1...

STALINISM
 Culture
 Stalin had absolute
power over culture.
 The CPSU decided
that art should be
used to form good
comm...

STALINISM
 Economy
The state controls the economy
Economic plans
Agricultural
collectivisation

STALINISM
 Economy
 From 1927 the economy was planned and
controlled by the state.
GOSPLAN Five-Year Plans
rapid
industr...

STALINISM
 Industry
 Private property was prohibited, and
industries such as iron and steel and
mining were nationalized...

STALINISM
 Agriculture
 Stalin carried out a
collectivisation policy:
 (policy of nationalizing agricultural
land).
 T...

STALINISM
«We will liquidate the landlord
class»
150 Kulaks died during the
repression of 1930/1931
(forced collectivisati...

STALINISM
 Collectivisation policy :
 This policy took lands from private owners and
used them to establish state-contro...

STALINISM
 Collectivisation policy :
 This policy took lands from private owners and
used them to establish state-contro...

STALINISM
CLASSLESS
SOCIETY?
The ruling elite
They had
access to all
types of
consumer
products.
The rest of the
populatio...

STALINISM
CLASSLESS
SOCIETY?
The ruling elite
They had
access to all
types of
consumer
products.
The rest of the
populatio...

FASCISM

THE FASCIST ITALY
 In 1920s Italy was the first country in
establishing a fascist regime.
 It became a model to follow.

THE FASCIST ITALY
 The origins of Fascism in Italy:
Economic crisis during WWI and
post-war.
The debts caused an increa...

THE FASCIST ITALY
 The origins of Fascism in Italy:
 The standard of living of the working-
class grew worse.=> claims i...

THE FASCIST ITALY
 How did the dominat classes reacted to
the working claims?
 They supported the Fascist parties
becaus...

THE FASCIST ITALY
 Traditional parties couldn´t face the
situation:
 Extremist parties apperared:
 Communist party (lef...

THE FASCIST ITALY
 Mussolini seized power:
 In the elections of 1919 and 1921, Mussolini
didn´t get many seats in the pa...

CHARACTERISTICS OF
FASCISM
 Antidemocratic ideology:
 No free elections.
 No individual freedoms.
 Anticommunist ideol...

CHARACTERISTICS OF
FASCISM
Totalitarism:
No individual freedoms.
Control of all the aspects of society.

CHARACTERISTICS OF
FASCISM
 Totalitarian state:
 Led by a supreme leader:
Il Duce (Mussolini)
 Cult of personality
 Pr...

CHARACTERISTICS OF
FASCISM
 Totalitarian state
 Intervention in economy => achieve the
self-sufficiency of the country.
...

CHARACTERISTICS OF
FASCISM
 Expansionist nationalism
Creation of a colonial empire:

CHARACTERISTICS OF
FASCISM
 Cult of violence and militarism.
 Eliminate the rivals, not convincing them.
 Creation of a...

CHARACTERISTICS OF
FASCISM
 A militar style was adopted:
Anthems
Uniforms (Black shirted Fascists)

CHARACTERISTICS OF
FASCISM
 A militar style was adopted:
 El Roman salute:
 After 1922, Mussolini trained the Fascist
N...

SYMBOL OF FASCISM
 FASCES: symbol of authority in the Ancient
Rome: a bound bundle of wooden rods, tied
round an axe with...

CHARACTERISTICS OF
FASCISM
 Another symbols:
Flag

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