Prunus africana: a reality check

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Prunus
africana:

a
reality
check

A B (Tony) Cunningham, Terry Sunderland & Robert Nkuinkeu

Meeting at ...

OVERVIEW

•  Introduc+on

•  Why
is
the
P.
africana
case
is
globally
signiﬁcant
in

...

Introduc+on

Prunus
bark
trade
in
global
perspec+ve

•  More
Prunus
africana
bark
is
wild
harveste...

Prunus
africana:
valued
but
vulnerable

•  Considered
the
only
African
species
in
a
ge...

Export
trade:

Prunus

africana

= established trade
= emerging trade
“frontier”

= traditional medicine
...

Why
is
the
P.
africana
case
globally

signiﬁcant
in
terms
of
policy
vs.
prac+ce?

...

LESSON
1:
INCREDIBLE
SUPPORT
&

EFFORTS
HAVE
GONE
INTO

SUSTAINABLE
WILD
HARVEST

….b...

PROGRESS
SINCE

2011

•  Mt.
Cameroon
as
a
model:

major
investment
in

management
& ...

CASE
STUDY:
GOING
DOWN
MT

CAMEROON

(Ewusi, 2006 in Amougou et al., 2011)

•  Annual
“sustainable”...

ROTATION
TIMES:
5
YRS?
7
YRS?

10YRS?
IT
ALL
DEPENDS…

•  Current
management
on
Mt...

LESSON
2:
IS
IT
WORTH
IT?

WHO
BENEFITTED
&
BY
HOW
MUCH?

WILD HARVEST
Warehousing 3%
Transport
4%
Regeneration 7%
Park mgmt. 20%
...

COSTS
OF
MANAGED
SUSTAINABLE

HARVEST
vs.
BENEFITS

•  Cost
of
inventory
about
15
mil...

LESSON
3:
LOCAL
LIVELIHOODS
&

PRUNUS
INCOME
NEED
CONTEXT

….both place, time & other bene...

HIGH
VALUE,
HIGH
VOLUME,

HIGH
IMPACT

Madagascar
&
Prunus
africana:

remote,...

MADAGASCAR

Tsaratanàna

° Antsahabiraoka

= Prunus africana
° Lakato
Tampoketsan’Ankazobe

Marovoay

Import from Cameroo...

OTHER
LINKS
TO
LIVELIHOODS

•  Diverse
products
come
from

forests,
not
just
Prunus
b...

LESSON
4:
BARK
HARVEST
DOES

HAVE
AN
IMPACT

.

BARK REMOVAL IS A SHOCK…
from which some trees do not
recover

HIGH
VALUE,
WEAK

TENURE=OVERHARVEST

•  Demographic structure of natural stands shows very low
representat...

PRUNUS
AFRICANA
IS
AN
ECOLOGICAL

KEYSTONE
SPECIES

•  P.
africana
bark
is
not
just
...

LESSON
5:
PAU’s
FACE
MANY

CHALLENGES

.

”Prunus Allocation Units (PAUs) have been participatively
defi...

WHAT
ABOUT
ADAMOUA?

(from Ingram et al, 2009)

•  Current
inventory,
management
&
monitoring
in...

RESOURCE RICH
FRONTIER?

•  Traders from Bamenda
employed local people to
strip Prunus africana trees on
Tchabal Mbabo si...

COMMERCIAL
HARVEST
&

COLLATERAL
DAMAGE?

•  “Collateral
damage”
(“ladder
trees”
&

lianas)...

LESSON
6:
CULTIVATION
IS
A

MORE
VIABLE
OPTION

.

…connecting farmers Prunus Growers Associations...

CULTIVATION
Traceability 16%
Harvester

84%

•  Even
at
the
current
low

price,
culDvaDon
is
a
...

DOES IT PAY TO PLANT?

•  While not as profitable as Eucalyptus, an
alternative enterprise, farmers want to grow
P. afric...

TRANSPARENCY
ON
THE
VALUE

CHAIN
IS
CRUCIAL

•  We
are
sDll
cross-‐checking
price
da...

RECOMMENDATIONS

NEED
TO
PHASE
OUT
COMMERCIAL

BARK
HARVEST
IN
THE
LONG
TERM

•  Economic
&
ecologi...

CITES,
CULTIVATION
&
TRADE

•  Local farmers have been cultivating P. africana since the
1970’s but are disco...

GREAT
OPPORTUNITY
FOR

BUILDING
ON
PAST

CULTIVATION
STUDIES

•  Long
history
of
ICRAF
...

NEED
TO
UNDERSTAND
&
DEAL
WITH

BARRIERS
TO
TRADE
IN
CULTIVATED
BARK

•  Diverse
v...

NOT
ADVISABLE
TO
REPLICATE
THE

2009
MODEL

•  Weaknesses
in
the
current
model

need ...

THANK
YOU

“if it’s not sustainable,
it’s not development” (UNDP)

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