Enhancing Water Productivity in Crop-Livestock Systems of SSA: Min...

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Enhancing Water Productivity in Crop-Livestock Systems of SSA: Minimizing trade-offs and maximizing benefits Tilahun Amed...

Livestock a livelihood strategy; increasing demand USA 140

Fetching water for household use hugely competes for labour and limited resources Water scarcity is a real threat Phot...

Negative impact of livestock on water and land resources <ul><li>Physical destruction, soil structure : </li></ul><ul><...

Nile basin

Principles of water productivity <ul><li>Water productivity refers to the amount or value of product over volume or value...

Case studies from Eth and Zim Lenche Dima, Dry, crop-livestock 650mm Nkayi Dry, agropastoral 550 mm Kuhar wet, crop-lives...

Land use evolution

System changes and its drivers in Kuhar

Drivers of Land use changes <ul><li>Fogera: Introduction of Rice and better access to markets </li></ul>Implication : Re...

open grazing exclosure Drivers of Land use changes @: Lenche Dima : NGO led exclosures Implications: More access to bi...

Contribution of crop residue for livestock feed and their water budget Kuhar Michael 60% 2% 28% 6% 2% 2% crop residues gre...

Land and water productivity of major feed classes

Feed imbalance Source. Endale Bekele, 2007 <ul><li>Crop land grazing: 10% </li></ul><ul><li>Improved forage : 5% </li></u...

Lenche Dima Daily Energy Requirement (ME/TLU) = 40.61 Current Energy supply (ME/TLU) = 21.70 Deficit = 46.6% Additional ...

Livestock feed and energy Energy spent for walking ± 2-3 times energy for milk production and growth

Water productivity variables for Lenche Dima Watershed (1546 ha) with water flows

Quantifying the LWP variables Average contributions of the different livestock outputs to overall LWP at household level.

Water budgets of the farming systems in two contrasting sites water budget analysis High unproductive water losses = indi...

Interventions for Improving LWP and managing trade-offs <ul><li>Fertilizer application </li></ul><ul><li>Reducing livestoc...

1. Fertilizer effects on Maize in Zimbabwe FP = Farmer practice, MD = Micro-dose, RC = recommended

Simulated maize stover over a period of 30 years under 3 SFM FP = farmer practice, MD = micro-dose, RC = recommended rat...

Effects of soil fertility gradients on Enset biomass 355.1 267.9 146.0 Transpiration (Ta) 203.5 285.4 446.1 Evaporation (E...

2. Minimizing mortality rates <ul><li>DynMod model was employed to simulate the different scenarios (current, acceptable) ...

3. Multipurpose legumes: applied as whole plant, shoot or roots, on wheat grain yield. <ul><li>Below ground effect was ...

4. Intensifying cropping systems: Contribution of maize stover and mucuna to dry season feed at 20, 40 and 60% of daily ...

5. Rehabilitating degraded lands

6. Watering points <ul><li>Reduction of walking distance to access water: from 9 km to 2 km </li></ul><ul><li>Energy for ...

7. If we changing breeds

Estimating water requirements for various breeds 4063 lt /lt milk No No Water requirements 70% of total milk No need to ...

Markets as incentives for improving water productivity <ul><li>Assist local actors to identify NRM-oriented marketable e...

Facilitating ‘change’ for increased uptake <ul><li>Intervention options: to address differing demands </li></ul><ul><li>S...

Political change Women’s empowerment Good Leadership Institutional changes Feed management Water management Animal ...

http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/202/issue/5185.htm

Acknowledgements <ul><li>Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) </li></ul><ul><li>ICR...

Thank you !

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