Better food safety solutions in Africa: Understanding the complex s...

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Better food safety solutions in Africa: Understanding
the complex social, economic and policy perspectives
Kebede Amenu (D...

• The continent of Africa: geography…
• Global food safety situations (focus: Africa)
• Complexity food systems in Africa ...

The geographic continent of Africa
• The second-largest in area: 30.3 million km² (above Sahara and
sub-Sahara countries)
...

Global foodborne disease situation
• Foodborne disease (FBD) causes a massive global health
burden
• 1 out of 10 people ge...

Havelaar AH, Kirk MD, Torgerson PR, Gibb HJ, Hald T, et al. (2015) World Health Organization Global Estimates and Regional...

Havelaar AH, Kirk MD, Torgerson PR, Gibb HJ, Hald T, et al. (2015) World Health Organization Global Estimates and Regional...

7
FBD burden in Africa
• 135 million cases of FBD a year (rate 20% above global average)
• 140,000 deaths/year)  2.5 time...

Misconceptions around relative causes of FBD
Consumers tend to be
very concerned about
chemicals in food
Often less concer...

African food systems
and challenges
• Rapid population growth,
urbanization and rising
incomes
• Gradual changes from
trad...

Diverse food supply chains
Relative formality
Totally informal Home grown production
Semi-informal
Micro-retailers
Unoffic...

Diverse food
supply chains
• In informal supply
chains are often
simple, sometimes
short supplying
local food, but
have li...

Diverse food supply
chains…
• A formal system with long, complex but
highly regulated and audited supply
chains with stand...

Informal food markets
• Traditional markets sell more than 85% of the
food consumed in sub-Saharan Africa
• The informal f...

On the other hand…
• Informal markets are important for food and job security.
• Informal markets are not necessarily dang...

Dairy hygiene study
Safety of Traditional Dairy Products in Africa
J. Lindhal

Risky milk consumption

Risky milk consumption…
• High raw milk consumption:
• -the perception that “boiling of milk
destroys vitamins”,
• -“boile...

Little understanding of mastitis in dairy animals
• Widespread misperception among the
pastoral people about causes of acu...

(Potential) health risk of raw milk?
Endemic zoonoses
BTB and Brucellosis
Prev=3.8%
Cattle= 10.6% , camel =2.2% ,
goats= 1...

Chemical hazards
• Different kinds
• Invisible
• Odorless
• Tasteless
• Heat stable
Credit: Johanna Lindahl
• Aflatoxin

Aflatoxin risk, Evidences?
• Uncertainty around the evidences?
• Stunting attributed to consumption of milk contaminated w...

Food safety policy
• Food safety has been neglected from policy agenda: Misconception
about food security and food safety
...

Hanning, I. B., O'Bryan, C. A., Crandall, P. G. & Ricke, S. C. (2012) Food Safety and Food Security. Nature
Education Know...

CANNOT HAVE FOOD SECURITY WITHOUT FOOD
SAFETY
If It Isn’t Safe, It Isn’t Food”, “twin threats”

Summary of food safety situations in Africa
1. High prevalence of foodborne illnesses, especially contributing to gastroin...

Food Safety Interventions
(Integrated approaches)

Women training on milk hygiene

Training intervention…
• The intervention improved knowledge, attitudes and practices
on milk hygiene compared to the base...

Food safety intervention studies

Role of consumers to make food safe
• WHO five-keys
• Keep clean (food, hands, environment)
• Separate raw and cooked
• CO...

Improve the
supply of
safe food:
Integrated
approach
• Making safer food is more expensive and this needs to be
covered by...

Urban Food Markets in
Africa Incentivizing food
safety: the Pull-Push-
Project

Pull approach (demand for safe food) Push approach (supply of safe food)
Reduced burden FBD, professionalizing
informal se...

The assessment and
management of risk from
non-typhoidal salmonella,
diarrheagenic Escherichia
coli and campylobacter in
r...

Inform
risk-based
decision making

Summary of
Interventions
Long term, wide-reaching impacts likely
require:
Training &
technology
Incentives
Enabling
enviro...

African level food safety policy,
strategy and advocacy

African Food safety Index (AFSI)
• Legal framework
• Surveillance programs
• Laboratory infrastructure
• Foodborne diarrhe...

Conference of African Continental Association of Food Protection

Food safety investment
• Size of investment does not match food
safety burden
• Most investments by few donors
• Substanti...

Broader approaches: invest in food safety
• More investment in food safety (by African
governments, donors and the private...

Some references
• Amenu, K., Grace, D., Nemo, S., & Wieland, B. (2019). Bacteriological quality and safety of ready-to-con...

Thank you! World Veterinary Association (WVA) and Emirates
Veterinary Association (EVA)

Better food safety solutions in Africa: Understanding the complex social, economic and policy perspectives

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