Unit 1 Introduction to Flooding Presentation

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This work is supported by the National Science Foundation’s
Directorate for Education and Human Resources TUES-1245025, IU...

FLOODS
• What do you know about flood or flooding?
• When is the last time you heard about it?
• Have you (or anyone you k...

PRE-REQUISITE READING/KNOWLEDGE
• Hydrologic Cycle and Processes
– How does water gets into streams?
– Why do we get pondi...

FLOODING - DEFINITION
• Occurrence of water that is beyond the
handling capacity of any natural or
engineering system

WHAT KIND OF FLOOD DO YOU SEE?
Riverine
Flooding
Coastal Flooding Shallow Flooding
Source: Jocelyn Augustino, FEMA.
https:...

WHAT KIND OF FLOOD DO YOU SEE?
Riverine
Flooding
Coastal Flooding Shallow Flooding
Source:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w...

WHAT KIND OF FLOOD DO YOU SEE?
Riverine
Flooding
Coastal Flooding Shallow Flooding
Source: https://www.usgs.gov/media/imag...

WHAT KIND OF FLOOD DO YOU SEE?
Riverine
Flooding
Coastal Flooding Shallow Flooding
Source: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hur...

WHAT KIND OF FLOOD DO YOU SEE?
Riverine
Flooding
Coastal Flooding Shallow Flooding
Source: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hur...

FLOODPLAIN
Topographically: relatively flat
land adjacent to a stream
Geomorphologically: landform
composed primarily
unco...

NATURAL FUNCTIONS OF FLOODPLAINS
• Water resources
– Flood and erosion control
– Groundwater recharge
• Ecological/biologi...

HUMAN IMPACTS (RIVERINE DEVELOPMENT)
• Alteration of flood conveyance
• Obstruction/diversion of flow

HUMAN IMPACTS (WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT)
• Decrease in
infiltration
• Increase in
run-off and
flooding
Redrawn after:
http://...

HUMAN IMPACTS (COASTAL DEVELOPMENT)
• Coastal erosion resulting from anthropogenic
actions, including building structures ...

HOW FLOODS IMPACT HUMANS AND PROPERTY
• Hydrodynamic force
– Force due to moving water
• Hydrostatic force
– Vertical and ...

SAFETY AND HEALTH HAZARDS
• Damage to utilities – electrocution, drinking
water contamination, sewage, gas leaks, fire
haz...

FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT
• Floodplain Management: “a decision-making
process that aims to achieve the wise use of
the nation’...

FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT
• Structural Measures: building of dams, levees
and other structure to manage floods and
floodplains...

FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND TOOLS
• Strategy 1: Modify human susceptibility to flood
damage
• Reduce disruption b...

STRATEGY 1 CONTINUED
• Land acquisition: to preserve open space and
permanently relocate buildings from
floodplains.
• Flo...

STRATEGY 2: MODIFY THE IMPACT OF FLOODING
• Assist individuals and communities to prepare for,
respond to and recover from...

STRATEGY 3: MODIFY FLOODING ITSELF
• Develop projects that control floodwater.
– Dams and reservoirs along streams/rivers ...

STRATEGY 4: PRESERVE AND RESTORE NATURAL RESOURCES
• Renew the vitality and purpose of floodplains by re-
establishing and...

STRATEGY 4 CONTINUED
• Information and education to make people
aware of natural floodplain resources and
functions and ho...

HYDROLOGY OF FLOODING
• How to quantify and characterize a flood
event?
• This is typically done using the concept of
retu...

26
HYDROLOGIC DATA SERIES
Complete duration series (All available data)

HYDROLOGIC DATA SERIES CONTINUED
Partial duration series: Magnitude greater than some base value.
Annual exceedance series...

HYDROLOGIC DATA SERIES CONTINUED
Extreme value series
Includes largest or smallest values in equal intervals
Annual series...

RETURN PERIOD
• Random variable:
• Threshold level:
• Extreme event occurs if:
• Recurrence interval:
• Return Period:
Ave...

ANNUAL MAXIMUM SERIES FOR WABASH RIVER AT LAFAYETTE, IN
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
20000...

RETURN PERIOD FOR 75,000 CFS
• Number of times flow exceeded 75, 000 cfs in 114 years = 13
• Average recurrence interval =...

100-YEAR FLOOD
• A flow that has a return period of 100-years is
called the 100-year flood
• For most practical purposes (...

SUMMARY
• Floodplains provide many natural functions and
benefits to the society
• Some human actions alter the natural fu...

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