Westendorf small farms talk

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Nutrient Management Practices onNutrient Management Practices on
Small Livestock FarmsSmall Livestock Farms
Dr . Mi chael ...

What do you think is a small farm?

The official answer: According to the
USDA definition, a small farmer is defined as one
that grows and sells between $1,00...

Rural-residence family farms:
Retirement farms. Small farms whose operators report
they are retired.
Residential/lifestyle...

OPERATIONS
(Percent of Total
U.S.)
Sales
$100,000 -
$249,999
Sales
$10,000 -
$99,999
Sales
< $10,000
All Farms 7% 24% 60%
...

Small Medium
<300 head of beef, veal, <999 head of beef, veal,
or dairy heifers or dairy heifers
<200 dairy cattle <699 da...

• Smaller numbers of livestock - less waste to handle
• May not have a suitable waste storage structure
• Smaller amount o...

• Closer to neighbors?
• May have a limited budget for manure
storage and handling. (Although in some
locales, small farme...

Nutrient Balance – Whole Farm

• Store manure in a dry, level, impermeable location free
from storm-water runoff. Location should be at least 100
foot fr...

Do you dispose of manure off-farm?
Yes
42%
No
58%

• Impermeable base
• >100 feet from waters or wetland
• Vegetative filter to control leachate and storm water runoff

Wher e t o St or e/ Spr ead Manur e?
Geol ogi cal I nvest i gat i on
• St r eams
• Lakes
• Aqui f er s/ wat er t abl es
Sl...

Phosphorus Runof f Index
High P
Source Level
High
Transport Risk
Critical Source Area

Use book val ues i f
you
haul manur e on a
dai l y
or weekl y basi s or
have onl y
a smal l amount of

Sacrifice Areas
• Also referred to as exercise or rest areas or dry lots
•Should include watering and feeding areas and sh...

Do you use a sacrifice area on your farm?
Yes
47%
No
53%

Higgins and Dwyer, 2008.http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/id/id171/id171.pdf

Lush, well-managed pastures such as the one above will take up
more nutrients from manure, be more productive and permit a...

Poorly vegetated pastures will take up fewer nutrients from the soil or from
manure either deposited or spread, and will b...

Photo courtesy USDA NRCS

• Store manure in a dry, level, impermeable location free
from storm-water runoff. Location should be at least 100
foot fr...

Put t i ng i t al l Toget her
• Smal l f ar ms gi ve uni que chal l enges because of :
– Si ze, bot h acr eages and ani ma...

The Livestock Poultry Environmental Learning
Center has a series of Small Farms fact
sheets; for more information please g...

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