Perspective And Contrast

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Perspective and ContrastDesign Principles for Supporting Self-directed and Incidental Learning<br />Christian Glahn<br />M...

Self-directed LearningIncidental Learning<br />Learner controlled<br />Unguided <br />Unstructured<br />Experience based<b...

Self-directed LearningIncidental Learningmost common forms of learning amongKnowledge Workers<br />

Knowledge Workers<br />are<br />working environment<br />Specialized <br />Experts<br />Flexible<br />Performance<br />

Knowledge Workers=Working-lifelong Learners<br />Steward, 1997<br />

How to supportself-directed and incidental learningof knowledge workers?<br />No tutoring<br />No prepared learning materi...

Support through feedback :<br />Visualisations of Activity Traces<br />

Reflection is essential forlearning of practitioners<br />Schön, 1983<br />

Reflection<br />Reflection in action <br />Reflection on action<br />Reflection for action <br />

Reflection(in other words)<br />Monitoring<br />Evaluating<br />Planning<br />

Reflection<br />requires<br />Awareness<br />requires<br />Feedback<br />requires<br />Actions<br />

Action - Feedback – Reflection Loop<br />Butler & Winne, 1995<br />

Monitoring – Response Flow<br />Zimmermann, Specht, & Lorenz, 2005<br />

Feedback is related toits Context<br />Ley & Young, 2001<br />

What information is requiredfor giving feedback to knowledge workers?<br />What are the design principles of feedback?<br />

Situated Learning and Context<br />

People can Think<br />The approach relies on the predicate that<br />

People need support to think about their actions<br />

2 design-research studies innon-artificial settings <br />

Feedback needs perspective<br />1. Design principle<br />

1. Study<br />Glahn, Specht, & Koper, 2009<br />

Perspective<br />Personal Actions<br />Peer Actions<br />

Results<br />

Feedback needs contrast<br />2. Design principle<br />

2. Study<br />Glahn, Specht, & Koper, 2008<br />

Contextual Factors and Dimensions<br />

Results<br />

Insights from the Studies<br />Perspective Principle<br />Contrast Principle<br />

Conclusions<br />Supportive feedback can be provided independently from explicit domain knowledge.<br />Perspective is req...

Thank you <br />

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