Intro to Git for Drupal 7

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Intro to Git for Drupal
Or: How I Learned To Stop Worrying and Love Version Control

What’s a version control
system?

• An application that allows you to record
changes to your codebase in a st...

Why do I need that?

• makes it way easier to undo errors / roll
back to earlier versions of code
• makes it way easier ...

• makes it waaaaay way easier to deploy
changes from development to staging to
production environments

Analogy:

• Using Drupal without a version control
system is like rock climbing without any
safety gear

• You may be able to get away with it for
awhile, but if you slip, you’re going to die.

Some popular version control
systems
• CVS - Concurrent Versions System
• SVN - SubVersioN
• Git
• Mercurial
• Ba...

Drupal: From CVS to Git

• drupal.org used to have all module and
project code under CVS
• Drupal’s use of CVS system b...

• worked great for a few years
• over time CVS development stagnated
• other systems began to appear, newer and
hotter
•...

• Drupal ofﬁcially switched from CVS to Git
in 2011 on February 24 at 6:08 pm EST
• excellent obituary for CVS by Larry
...

So what’s Git?

• initially created in 2005 by Linus Torvalds
for Linux kernel development
• written mostly in C
• it’s ...

• every Git working directory contains the
complete repository and history and full
revision tracking capabilities
• y...

What’s a repository?

• it’s a directory that contains all of the data
and metadata for your Git-controlled
project
• ...

Basic Git lingo
• init
• commit • head
• branch • add
• merge • status
• push • log
• pull

Shut up already how do I start

Git thee to a command line

• there are some GUI applications for Git,
but it’s essentially a command line tool
• it’s b...

• in the following example we’ll be using the
OS X terminal to connect to a local
Ubuntu 12.04 server running in Virtu...

• we’re going to
a) install Git on the server
b) set up a new Drupal site
c) put the site into a local Git repositor...

Logging in to the server

To install Git on Ubuntu:

apt-get install git-core

Set up credentials
You need to let Git know who you are so it
can label the commits you make.
So type...

git conﬁg --global user.name "Your Name"

git conﬁg --global user.email "your_email@youremail.com"

Here we have a
fresh local
Drupal
installation.

Note that every
Drupal install
includes
a .gitignore ﬁle

.gitignore ﬁles tell Git what *not* to put in the
repository, i.e.: What to ignore.

The default Drupal .gitignore ﬁle con...

That tells Git to ignore all
settings.php ﬁles, all ﬁles/ directories,
and all private/ directories.

You can override and...

Initialize!
To create your repository, navigate to your
Drupal root folder and type:

git init

Check status
The Git repository starts out empty.You’ll
need to add ﬁles to it.
But ﬁrst - check the status....

You’ll see a list
of “untracked”
ﬁles.

You can add
them one at a
time with “git
add
‘ﬁlename’”, or
you can add
them all a...

git add .

That adds everything.

Now all of the
ﬁles except for
the ones
in .gitignore have
been staged -
they’re not in the
repo yet, but
they’re ready to...

git commit
Actually you’ll want to type:
git commit -m “Some text describing
your commit”

All ﬁles have now been committed to the
repository.
If we type “git status” now, we get this:

Now what?
• Use GitHub to make your repository
available for private or public access

Do I have to use GitHub?
• No, but it’s really cool and slightly easier
than setting up your own Git server
• So! - crea...

SSH keys?
Entering your SSH keys establishes a trusted
connection between your GitHub account
and your development server(...

You can see a list of your repos on your proﬁle. Click the
indicated button to add a new one.

Now all of the
ﬁles are
showing in the
github repo.

Dev to GitHub
• make a change on your local site and push
the change to the GitHub repo
• in this case we’re going to in...

If you check out the sites/all/modules folder in the
GitHub repo, you’ll notice it only has a README ﬁle.

Locally, though, we’ve used Drush to download the
ﬁve modules, which are sitting in the local copy of the
sites/all/module...

Running “git status” shows us that the module folders
are untracked - we need to add them.

We can get all of them at once...

Commit ‘em
Now we need to commit the changes. So we
type:
git commit -a -m “Added ﬁve modules -
views, panels, ctools, f...

Now if we go back to GitHub and reload the page,
the modules we pushed are all there.

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