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Distinguishing truth and opinion in philosophy

The document discusses the differences between opinion, truth, and fact, emphasizing that opinions cannot be proved, while truths correspond to reality and can be verified. It outlines methods of philosophy, including analysis, distinction, and synthesis, and offers guidance on recognizing statements as truth or opinion. Additionally, the document provides examples and hints for identifying factual versus opinion-based statements.

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What are the differences? What are the differences?
WHY TRUTH MATTERS? WHY TRUTH MATTERS? WHY CARE FOR THE TRUTH? WHY CARE FOR THE TRUTH? HOW IMPORTANT IS IT? HOW IMPORTANT IS IT?
OPINIONS OPINIONS • An opinion is a statement that An opinion is a statement that cannot be cannot be proved or checked proved or checked • It tells what someone It tells what someone thinks, feels, or thinks, feels, or believes believes • Clue words for opinion statements are: Clue words for opinion statements are: • think, feel, believe, seem think, feel, believe, seem • always, never, all, none, most, least, best, always, never, all, none, most, least, best, greatest, worst greatest, worst
TRUTH TRUTH •It is the conformity between It is the conformity between the mind and the object the mind and the object. . •(Correspondence Theory) (Correspondence Theory)
FACTS FACTS •Truth can be Truth can be checked checked or or proved proved •We can check by conducting We can check by conducting some sort of some sort of experiment, experiment, observation observation, or by , or by verifying verifying (checking) the fact with a (checking) the fact with a source document. source document.
METHODS OF PHILOSOPHY METHODS OF PHILOSOPHY 1. 1.ANALYSIS ANALYSIS 2. 2.DISTINCTION DISTINCTION 3. 3.SYNTHESIS SYNTHESIS
ANALYSIS ANALYSIS •It means to break something It means to break something up into up into parts, pieces, reasons parts, pieces, reasons, , or steps and look at how these or steps and look at how these pieces are related to each pieces are related to each other. other.
EXAMPLE EXAMPLE Research title: Research title: Social Media and Study Habits of Senior High Social Media and Study Habits of Senior High School Students School Students You have to identify the keywords and separate them. You have to identify the keywords and separate them. Author Social Media Study Habits
DISTINCTION DISTINCTION A difference or contrast A difference or contrast between similar things or between similar things or ideas ideas. (Oxford University) . (Oxford University)
•When you make a When you make a distinction, you say that distinction, you say that two things are different. two things are different.
PRETTY PRETTY VS. VS. HOT HOT
SYNTHESIS SYNTHESIS • It means to It means to combine a number of combine a number of different pieces into a whole. different pieces into a whole. Synthesis is about Synthesis is about concisely concisely summarizing and linking different summarizing and linking different sources in order to review the sources in order to review the literature on a topic, make literature on a topic, make recommendations, and connect your recommendations, and connect your practice to the research. practice to the research.
HINTS FOR DECIDING IF A HINTS FOR DECIDING IF A STATEMENT IS STATEMENT IS TRUTH TRUTH OR OR OPINION OPINION • To recognize a To recognize a TRUTH TRUTH: : • Read each answer choice and ask yourself: Read each answer choice and ask yourself: • “ “Can this statement be proved?” Can this statement be proved?” Example Example: Which of these is a TRUTH? : Which of these is a TRUTH? A. A. We live in the best apartment in the city. We live in the best apartment in the city. B. B. I believe that summer is the best season. I believe that summer is the best season. C. C. I think that spaghetti is a delicious meal. I think that spaghetti is a delicious meal. D. D. The Philippine Star is a newspaper. The Philippine Star is a newspaper.
HINTS FOR DECIDING IF A HINTS FOR DECIDING IF A STATEMENT IS A FACT OR STATEMENT IS A FACT OR OPINION OPINION • To recognize an To recognize an OPINION OPINION: : • Read each answer choice and ask Read each answer choice and ask yourself “Does this statement tell what yourself “Does this statement tell what someone someone thinks, feels, or believes thinks, feels, or believes?” ?” • Look in the answer choice for clue Look in the answer choice for clue words that signal an opinion words that signal an opinion
OPINION EXAMPLES: OPINION EXAMPLES: WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT NOT AN AN OPINION STATEMENT? OPINION STATEMENT? • I think that US is the best state in which to live. I think that US is the best state in which to live. • Chocolate cake is the most delicious kind of Chocolate cake is the most delicious kind of dessert. dessert. • Nearly 65% of our teens are over-weight. Nearly 65% of our teens are over-weight. • Taylor Swift is the greatest singer ever! Taylor Swift is the greatest singer ever!
WHEN YOU’RE WRITING…. WHEN YOU’RE WRITING…. • Remember: Remember: • Facts are often used to Facts are often used to support opinions support opinions • Good opinions are Good opinions are based on facts, but based on facts, but they are they are still opinions still opinions