Disaster risk governance policy ppt.ppt

BAHIR DAR UNIVERISTY
INSTITUTE OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT AND FOOD SECURITY
STUDIES
Disaster Risk Management and Sustainable Development Department
B.Sc Degree in Disaster Risk Management and Sustainable Development
Disaster Risk Governance & Policy (Drms4053)
By
Mihret W.

Introduction
Chapter One: Governance and Policy for Disaster Risk
Management
concepts and definitions to Governance
 Governance refers to "the capacity to govern a public
problem.
 This capacity to govern manifests itself in the continuous and
stable management not only by successive governments and
administrations in a country but also by the stakeholders in the
public and private sectors (Ballart, 2013).“

cont…
 Governance refers generally to the set of instruments
through which people living in a state, believing in common
core values, govern themselves by the means of laws, rules
and regulations enforced by the state apparatus.
 It denotes a system of values, policies and institutions by
which society manages its economic, political and social
affairs through interaction among the state, civil society and
the private sector
 Governance has three components: economic, political and

cont…
 .
 Economic governance includes the decision-making processes that
affect a country’s economic activities and its relationship with other
economies.
 Political governance is the process of decision making to formulate
policies, including national disaster reduction and planning.
 Administrative governance is the system of policy implementation
and requires the existence of well-functioning organizations at the
central and local levels.

1.2 Development of Disaster Risk Governance
 Development
 Development is generally viewed as the achievement of economic growth and
hence improved living standards achieved through the use of a society’s human,
natural and institutional resources.
 Development means simply improving society - enabling people to achieve their
aspirations.
 Improving society includes provision of social services, acquisition of economic
assets, improved productivity and reducing vulnerability to natural disasters.
 Low levels of development are thus closely associated with high levels of risk and
vulnerability to natural disasters.

activity
Activity
 Examine development activities or programmes in your country,
local authority or community that are currently taking place or have
been completed, and make a list of them. Based on your
observations and experiences, answer the following questions,
indicating clearly the actual effects of the development activity:

activity
 In what ways has the development activity helped in reducing risk? (Example:
greater food availability, more organized community, more accessible health
services).
 In what ways has the development activity increased risk? (Example: food
shortages due to increased emphasis on cash crops, dams that increase the
risk of floods).
 In what ways have disasters affected the development activity? (Example:
floods destroying roads or bridges or houses, trees being cut for building).
This exercise is the beginning of a risk assessment. Once you know the
importance of development or risk factors, you can plan better.

Disaster and development
 The fundamental principles of good governance include respect
for human rights, political openness, participation, tolerance,
administrative and bureaucratic capacity and efficiency.
 The rule of law, transparency, equity, consensus-orientated
accountability and strategic vision are other essential elements
of good governance.

Disaster and development
 The principles of good governance provide the key to
sustainable development and by implication to effective disaster
risk reduction.
 Good governance creates a conducive environment for
effective disaster risk reduction through mobilizing the political
will and facilitating the broad participation and partnerships to
ensure that political, social and economic priorities are based on
broad consensus in society and that the voices of the poorest and
most vulnerable are heard in the decision-making processes.

Disaster risk management:
 Disaster risk management can be defined as the range of activities designed to
maintain control over disasters and emergency situations and to provide a framework
for helping at risk person to avoid or recovery from the impact of the disaster.
 It can be further defined as the body of policy and administrative decisions and
operational activities that are appropriate to the various stages of a disaster at all levels.
 Disaster risk management is a continuous and integrated multi sectoral and
multidisciplinary process of planning and implementation of measures
 Disaster management entails the integration of multitude of activities and functions
in safeguard lives and property against possible hazards. If further focuses on the
reduction of risk and vulnerability in communities most at risk to a particular hazard.

1.3 Good Governance and Disaster Risk Management
 There are six (6) dimensions of good governance
 Voice and accountability;
 Effectiveness of the public sector;
 Rule of Law;
 Independence of the judiciary; and
 Control of corruption.

DRM…
 another formal institution of the European Union, revived the debate with
its 2009 publication of the White Paper on Multi-level Governance.
 Five principles constitute the foundations of European governance:
 openness,
 participation,
 accountability,
 effectiveness and coherence.

 Openness: the institutions should attach more importance to the transparency
and communication of their decisions;
 Participation: citizens must be systematically involved in the drafting and
implementation of policies;
 Accountability: the role of each party in the decision-making process needs to
be clarified so that each actor involved should then assume responsibility for
the role given to them;
 Effectiveness: decisions need to be taken at the appropriate level and time,
and deliver what is needed;
 Coherence: the policies that are carried out are extremely diverse and need to
be pursued coherently.
DRM

 Two pre-existing principles ought to be added to the five aforementioned
principles:
 Subsidiarity: this principle seeks to organize the distribution of the different
responsibilities among the political authorities from different levels. It guarantees
that decisions are taken as close to the citizens as possible and that the actions
undertaken at the higher levels are constantly being verified for their justification
with regard to the possibilities available at the lower levels.
 Proportionality: this principle also regulates the exercise of the competencies at
the different levels of government. In the European context, its purpose is to
establish the actions of European Union institutions within specific limits, so that
the actions of such institutions are limited to achieving the Treaties' objectives.
DRM

1.4 Mainstreaming of DRR into the governance system
 Governance is the umbrella under which disaster risk
reduction takes place.
 The existence of public awareness, political will and sufficient
capacity are key to making disaster risk reduction (DRR) an
underlying principle in all relevant development sectors.
 With its significant experience in DRR, democratic
governance, and development, UNDP is taking forward the
practical and conceptual work on DRR governance and
mainstreaming.

DRR AND GOVERNANCE:
 Natural hazards on their own do not result in disaster. Rather,
it is the vulnerability of populations in countries that has a
direct bearing on levels of disaster.
 Supportive governance is necessary to ensure copingcapacities
in societies. Governance influences the way in which national
and sub-national actors (including governments,
parliamentarians, public servants, the media, the private
sector, and civil society organizations) are willing and able to
coordinate their actions to manage and reduce disaster-related
risk.
 Sufficient public awareness to recognize and address risk,
coupled with the political will to set policy and allocate
appropriate resources, is key.

Conti…
 Mainstreaming of DRR is a governance
process enabling the systematic integration of
DRR concerns into all relevant development
spheres.
 In other words, responsive, accountable,
transparent and efficient governance
structures underwrite the environment where
DRR can be institutionalized as an underlying
principle of sustainable development.

 building resilient communities in disaster prone
countries requires that:
a) Underlying risk factors are continuously
considered in all relevant sectors; and
b) Risk reduction standards and measures are
an integral part of the planning and delivery of
core development services and processes,
including education, environment, and health.

Reasons for mainstreaming DRR
 Mainstreaming requires analysis both of how
potential hazard events could affect the
performance of policies, program and projects
and of the impact of those policies, program
and projects, in turn, on vulnerability to natural
hazards.

CAHPTER TWO: Analysis of Governance for
Disaster Risk Reduction and
 DRR and CCA have overlapping aims and involve similar
kinds of intervention.
 both share the aim of reducing the impacts of shocks by
anticipating risks and addressing vulnerabilities.
 In practice, CCA and DRR interventions range from
supporting long-term sustainable development and
vulnerability reduction to more specific measures to help
societies adapt to, protect against, prepare for and respond
to risks and hazards.
 the solution for both includes adapting development
practices to long-term environmental stresses, as well as
reducing or managing the risks associated with more
frequent, severe and unpredictable weather events.

Conti…
 DRR approaches are more likely to be sustainable if
they take climate change forecasts into account.
 DRR would benefit from the longer-term perspective of
CCA and its emphasis on addressing the underlying
drivers of vulnerability and building adaptive capacities
to deal with future problems.
 Greater collaboration could also make more efficient use
of limited human, material and financial resources,
although it is not necessarily easy to bring such a wide
range of scientists, practitioners and policymakers
together.
 Although DRR and CCA have much in common, they
also have differences in their scope and emphasis.

Difference between DRR and CCA
 CCA seeks to manage and reduce risks associated
specifically with changes in the climate,
 whereas DRR also considers other hazards and risks (e.g.
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions).
 In adaptation, the emphasis is more on long term changes in
average climatic conditions, whereas DRR focuses on
extreme events.
 CCA strategies are based on climate science projections of
future changes and threats (and the associated uncertainties),
whereas DRR remains more grounded in current risks,
previous experience and local knowledge.
 A further challenge is that there is often a lack of climate data
on the more local scale at which many development and DRR

Purpose of DRR and CCA analysis
 The purpose of analysis the DRR and CCA is that
 Verify the uptake of DRR and CCA agendas and the
integration of DRR and CCA actions were actually
beneficial and necessary (economically, socially and
environmentally) in a given country and its sector
specific contexts;
 identify what the key governance challenge for
convergence is;
 Analyze political economy bottlenecks that hinder
convergence of agendas and the integration of actions,
 assess how important and strong they are;
 Develop, based on the findings of analysis, the most
appropriate and realistic strategies for action.

Global level Architecture
 Global governance for (DRR) and (CCA) is complex,
with separate organizations and platforms leading the
two respective fields, different political constituencies
and, often, with different structures for accountability.
 Thus, converging action is more difficult as diverse
constituencies bring differing expectations of and
pressures on each international/United Nations agency.
 This variety of forces can, and often does, lead agencies
in different directions.

Conti…
 Despite these challenges, global governance for DRR
and CCA provides a unique opportunity to encourage
increased political commitment and economic
investment in convergence at country level.
 A central motif of the three international frameworks is
their recognition of development as an inherently
complex process, possible only when public and private
actors recognize the necessity of considering mutual
dependencies, constraints and trade offs of action
across sectors.
 The cross fertilization among stakeholders working in
DRR, CCA and sustainable development change can
help achieve resilience and improve food security.

Introduction to Public Policy
 Concepts and Definitions of Public Policy
What Is Policy?
 A policy often comes in the form of general statements about priorities,
written regulations or guidelines, procedures and/or standards to be
achieved.
 At its simplest, policy refers to a distinct path of action which is suitable
for the pursuit of desired goals within a particular context, directing the
decision making of an organization or individual.
 What is Public Policy?
 speaking public policy is what the government chooses to do, or not to
do.
 It is a decision made by government to either act, or not act in order to
resolve a problem.
 Public policy is a course of action that guides a range of related actions
in a given field.

Conti…
 Every policy has three key elements:
 a problem definition,
 goals to be achieved, and
 the policy instruments to address the problem
and achieve the goals.
 Policy may be formal or informal: a formal
policy might take the form of a planned policy
document that has been discussed, written,
reviewed, approved and published by a
policymaking body.

Conti…
 An informal policy might be an ad hoc,
general, unwritten but widely recognized
practice or understanding within an
organization that a course of action is to be
followed.
 Even though this policy may not be made
explicit in writing it still exists in practice.

Policy Features
 Policies are evaluated based on whether or not they
provide a suitable response to the social problem or
need, whether they contribute to mitigating the problem.
 • Policies and programs may be identified with well-
known activities that have been part of public
administrations for a long time or with new activities that
constitute innovative forms of intervening in an area or
problem.
 • Although it is possible for a policy or program to be
developed through a sole organization whose mission is
in line with the policy's aim, an organization may be the
driving force behind several policies, and conversely,
 a policy may require the backing of a group of

Reasons for Policy Formulation
 Policy Formulation is based on how an issue reaches
the public agenda, expertise can become a part of its
solution.
 It is important, however, that attention to systematic
techniques or methodologies (“tools”) not be expected to
lead directly to these solutions.
 The perceived relevance of specific analytical tools
changes over time.
 Science and expertise can be used to bolster a decision
arrived at for other reasons.
 This policy rationalization often occurs because science
and expertise lend an aura of legitimacy to policy
formulations. An important distinction is whether one

Policy Implementation
 The policy-implementation phase has always
taken a back seat to the policy-formulation
phase of the policy cycle.
 Ingram and Mann (1980) maintain that
implementation is so difficult to achieve that
we should actually be surprised when there is
any positive accomplishment arising from the
policy itself.
 Technical expertise is not what immediately
comes to mind when one thinks about
implementation.

Policy Implementation
 Experts play a key role in providing specificity
to vaguely worded legislative mandates. We all
are aware of policies that call for “safe” levels
of human-environment interaction or “clean”
environments for workers and citizens.
 Laws and policies are frequently made at
levels far above the level at which they will be
implemented. For that reason, technical
assistance is often needed to assist local
communities in determining how to optimally
enact policy measures. The consistency and

Fiscal and Monetary policy
 Specific objectives of the policy are the following:
(i) to reduce and eventually prevent disaster risk and vulnerability
(ii) to save lives, protect livelihoods, and ensure all disaster affected
population are provided with recovery and rehabilitation
assistances;
(iii) to reduce dependency building resilience of vulnerable people; and
(iv) to ensure that disaster risk management is mainstreamed into
development plans and implemented at all levels.

Fiscal and Monetary policy
 Fiscal and monetary policies’ coordination forms
 the key prerequisite for macroeconomic stability and
 sustainable economic growth.

Policy and Strategy
 Policy statements should refer to the importance of disasters,
vulnerability, risk and resilience,
 A specific DRR or resilience policy can be helpful
 Reducing disaster risk and effects of disaster can only be
possible through building resilience to withstand
 impacts of hazards and related disasters and by providing
timely and appropriate response to disasters.

 to reduce disaster risk and damages caused by
disasters by
 implementing the necessary response interventions
before,
 during, and
 after the disaster period

Strategies
 Disaster risk management activities shall be implemented as
integral to development plan framework.
 DRM informed by disaster risk profile information.
 Based on the disaster risk profile, activities need to be
implemented before, during, and after the disaster period to

Strategies
 DRM Strategic Program developed on the basis of measures
to be taken before, during, and after
 lead sector government institution shall be assigned for every
hazard and related disasters
 The lead sector government institution shall prepare and
implement sector specific disaster risk management plans and
programs.

Strategies
 Government led coordination forums shall be established at all
levels to ensure participation of stakeholders
 To facilitate the establishment and operationalization of the
DRM System, necessary laws and directives shall be
developed and put into practice.

Disaster risk governance policy ppt.ppt

Disaster risk governance policy ppt.ppt