Different Types Mechanization of Vegetable Crops

Different Types Mechanization of Vegetable Crops

• 1.
  Welcome Department of VegetableScience
• 2.
  VSC-691 DOCTORAL SEMINAR(0+1) MECHANIZATION OF VEGETABLE CROPS Nitish Kumar Jena 2020634004 II Ph.D, Vegetable Science HC&RI, TNAU-Coimbatore
• 3.
  Advisory committee CHAIRMAN Dr. P.IRENEVETHAMONI Dean (Horticulture), HC&RI Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore–641003 MEMEBERS 1 Dr. T. SARASWATHI Professor (Hort.), HC&RI Department of vegetable science, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641 003. 2 Dr. N. SENTHIL (Director) Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641 003. 3 Dr. D. UMA Professor and Head Department of Biochemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641 003.
• 4.
   Introduction  Transplantingand Methods  Vegetable Nursery Machinary  Step seeder and Grafting  Seed Cum Fertilizer Driller  Vacuum seed planter  Mulch laying and Remover  Crop Weeder  Vegetable Sprayer and Harvester  Case study  Future outlook  Conclusion Content
• 5.
  Why mechanization ? Largearea under horticulture in ‘000 Ha (2017-18)  Vegetables- 10259  Fruits- 6506  Spices- 3878  Plantation crops- 3744  Medicinal and aromatic plants- 1044
• 6.
  Crops Area (‘000ha) Production (lakh tonne) Potato 2142 51310 Onion 1285 23262 Brinjal 730 12801 Tomato 789 19759 Okra 509 6095 Peas 540 5422 Cabbage 399 9037 Cauliflower 553 8668 Sweet potato 113 1500 Major Vegetable Crops
• 7.
  Why mechanization important
• 8.
  Animate and mechanicalpower scenario of Indian Agriculture
• 9.
  Correlation Between FarmPower Availability and Crop Yield
• 10.
  Economic Advantage ofMechanization in per cent Increase in productivity 12-34 Saving in seeds 20 Saving in fertilizer 15-20 Enhancement in cropping intensity 5 - 22 Increase in gross income of the farmers 29-49 Source: Report of the Sub-Group on Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Formulation of 9th Five Year Plan, Govt. of India.
• 11.
  Types of EquipmentRequired
• 15.
   Improvement inplanting efficiency.  Increase in crop yield and cropping reliability.  Increase in cropping frequency.  It increases seed planting.  Seed/fertilizer placement accuracies.  It was made of durable and cheap material affordable for the small scale farmers.  The seed can be placed at any required depth.  The plant germination can be improved.  Requirement of labour also decreased.  It consume less time for sowing.  It can be placed uniformly in a row with required distance between plants. Scope of Planting Machine
• 21.
  High Clearance TractorFor Operation In Vegetable Crops Hi-clearance tractors were developed to work in taller crops without damaging them rather than having to do the work by hand or leave wide rows at interval to drive down. The most common early use was for spraying and for inter row weeding in salad crops.
• 22.
  High Clearance TractorFor Interculture In Vegetable Crops
• 23.
  Mechanization for seedbed preparation
• 25.
  Vegetable Nursery Machinery
• 26.
  Mechanical factors, whichaffect seed germination and emergence Uniformity of depth of placement of seed. Uniformity of distribution of seed along rows. Transverse displacement of seed from the row. Prevention of loose soil getting under the seed. Uniformity of soil cover over the seed. Mixing of fertilizer with seed during placement in the furrow.
• 27.
  Automatic Portray De-stackingFilling Dibbling And Sowing Machine (200-1000 portrays/hr)
• 28.
  Vegetable Grafting
• 29.
  Vegetable Seed Planting
• 32.
  Vegetable Seedling Transplanter
• 34.
  Mulch Laying andRemover
• 35.
  Row Crop WeederFor Vegetable Weeding Cum Earthing
• 36.
  Vegetable Crop Weeder
• 37.
  Sprayers for VegetableCrops
• 40.
  Onion Harvester
• 52.
  DESIGN  The easeof fabrication of component parts.  The safety of the operator  The operation of the machine should be simple for small scale or rural farmers.  The materials available locally were used in the fabrication of the components.  Availability and cost of the materials for construction.  Meter the plant at a predetermined rate/output (e.g.kg/ha or seeds/meter of row length)  Meter the seed with the required accuracy (spacing) to meet the planting Pattern requirements.  Cause minimal damage to the seed during the metering process.
• 53.
  • The basicobjective of planting operation is to put the plant and fertilizer in rows at desired depth and plant to plant spacing, cover the plant with soil and provide proper compaction over the plant. • The recommended plant to plant spacing and depth of plant placement vary from crop to crop and for different agroclimate conditions to achieve optimum yields • The size and number of cells on the seed metering device depends on the size of seed and desired seed spacing. • In this design, the seed metering wheel lifts the seeds from the hopper in the cells and drops these into the seed funnel which is conveyed to the open furrow through the seed tube. Methodology
• 54.
  Mechanism BEAM ENGINE: When thecrank AB rotates about A, the link CE pivoted at D makes vertical reciprocating motion at end E. This is used to convert rotary motion to reciprocating motion and vice versa. It is also known as Crank and lever mechanism. This mechanism is shown in the figure below. MAIN FRAME: The main frame is the skeletal structure of the seed planter on which all other components are mounted. The two design factors considered in the determination of the material required for the frame are the weight and strength. In this work, mild steel square tubeof 20 mm x 20 mm and 1mm thickness were used to give the required rigidity
• 55.
  The average plantheight, number of branches per plant, plant mortality, yield/m2, seedling missing, and leaf area index was found more by machine transplanting while plant population was found less by machine transplanting. Time saving, labour saving, less cost of operation were achieved in machine transplanting as compare to manual transplanting. Conclusions
• 56.
  a) Promotion andstrengthening of agricultural mechanization through training, testing and demonstration b) Post-harvest technology and management c) Financial assistance or procurement subsidy for selected agriculture machinery and equipment d) Establishment of farm machinery banks for custom hiring by small and marginal farmers e) Establishing hi-tech and high productive equipment hub for custom hiring enhancing farm productivity at village level by introducing appropriate farm mechanization in selected villages f) Creating ownership of appropriate farm equipment among small and marginal farmers in the eastern/ north eastern regions Research and Development
• 57.
  Conclusion • There isno doubt that India has achieved considerable progress in the field of agricultural mechanization over the past five decades. The development and dissemination of the mechanization technologies was largely dominated by the private sector–machinery and implement manufacturers and distributors as well as the farmers themselves who were ready to invest in agricultural machinery and implements. • In order to enforce quality, reliability and safety in the manufacture of agricultural implements, manufacturing of critical components need to be standardized and encouraged for mass production by medium and large scale manufacturers.