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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
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In high altitudes of Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, about 45 traditional cultivars of 15 different crops of millets, pulses, beans, barley, pea, buckwheat, horse gram, maize, wheat, potato and soybean are better adapted to the local agro-climatic conditions in comparison to the HYVs. Abundance, sown area, cultivation history, yield, bio-physical characteristics, economics and agronomic practices were studied in 2007-10 followed by the characteristics of each cultivar such as size/color/taste of the seed/fruit/tuber, nutrition value, and resistance to pests/insects/pathogens/water stress. Participatory research with farmers revealed that agricultural biodiversity can longer be protected because of fast invasion of monoculture-based farming systems in mountains, which is indirectly linked with growing unsustainable consumerism. Analysis in context of consumer-commodity relationships indicated that the consumer preference of lucrative foods has led to absence of market for food grains, pulses, oilseeds and vegetables of traditional cultivars in most of low-altitude mountain areas. As a result the monoculture with chemical farming has succeeded and the farm diversity declined. Changing pattern in consumerism is believed to have affected negatively the farmers’ behaviour of growing the traditional cultivars of genetically-superior food crops. Can the green consumerism reverse the trend of erosion of agrobiodiversity, and provide the farmers with incentives of continuing to grow multiple crops with traditional varieties? Literature on green consumerism shows that there is a potential demand for products of traditional cultivars in new emergent economies including India, though the current food market is not responding to fully meet the needs and preferences of eco-friendly consumers. Product labeling, certification and quality control are some issues that diffuse the responsible consumers, thus causing setback to very market for products of traditional cultivars. This paper so recommends that by developing compulsory or voluntary labeling and certification to enhance information for potential green consumers about the products of traditional cultivars and by setting low-cost marketing channels to transfer premium price back to farmers could help farmers to sustain the adoption of traditional cultivars as against modern varieties. It would help conserve in situ the agrobiodiversity in Himalayan mountains, and to maintain resilience of agro-ecosystems for mitigation of the effects of climate change.
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DIVERSITY OF CULTURAL ARTEFACTS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
Splendour of art and culture in Western Himalayas always lured human heart and mind to study and work to know the ultimate truth of art and culture and its value in human life. Politically, Himachal Pradesh was formed in 1966 when about 20 princely hill kingdoms were merged together. The Rajput kings were great connoisseurs of art and craft and extended patronage to talented artisans in times of peace, when they needed to commemorate, and perpetuate their victories. Himachal art and craft give us an insight into the social beliefs and religious practices, which stimulate and provide an outlet for the artistic energies of Pahari artisans. The villages display little changes in their fabric or community needs through largely impoverished craftsmen and artisans having retained their creativity through the ages. Grassroots Institute, in association of local NGOs, conducted an empirical study in 2008-09 to document various forms of cultural artefacts in Chamba, Kangraa, Mandi, Kullu, Shimla, Kinnaur and Lahaul & Spiti districts by using research tools of questionnaire, semi-structured interview, observation and photography. Cultural artefacts that were recorded include: embroidery (including Chamba rumaal), ornaments, Pahari painting, Kangra painting, Thangka painting, handloom crafts, hemp shoes, wood carving, basketry, metal craft and sacra-metal artefacts, dolls & soft toys and Budhist sculpture. This paper will present historical, socio-cultural, morphological and developmental aspects of different cultural artefacts and associated artisans. This paper also provides the suggestions to develop new styles and designs in artefacts for getting space in market. Government needs to support the artisans and craftworkers in variety of ways.
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DIVERSITY OF CULTURAL ARTEFACTS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
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