Demolition Techniques.pptx

Demolition Techniques.pptx

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  CE3013 - ADVANCEDCONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES Prepared By: Er. A A Kumar, M.E (STRUCT)., (Ph.D)., COURSE OBJECTIVE: To study and understand the latest construction techniques applied to engineering construction for sub structure, super structure, special structures, rehabilitation and strengthening techniques and demolition techniques. Credit
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  SYLLABUS 2  UNIT VDEMOLITION 9 Demolition Techniques, Demolition by Machines, Demolition by Explosives, Advanced techniques using Robotic Machines, Demolition Sequence, Dismantling Techniques, Safety precaution in Demolition and Dismantling.
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  Unit 1 –Demolition 3  INTRODUCTION Demolition techniques refer to the various methods and processes used to dismantle, destroy, or remove structures, buildings, or infrastructure. Demolition is typically undertaken to make way for new construction projects, renovation or remodeling purposes, or to remove unsafe or obsolete structures. It requires careful planning, engineering expertise, and adherence to safety protocols to ensure the efficient and controlled dismantling of the targeted structure. Demolition techniques can vary depending on the size, type, and complexity of the structure, as well as the surrounding environment and site conditions. The choice of technique is influenced by factors such as the materials used in the structure, the presence of hazardous substances, the proximity of neighboring structures, and the desired outcome of the demolition process. Unit 5 – Demolition
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  COMMON DEMOLITION TECHNIQUES 4 Implosion •used for tall buildings or structures where there is limited space for the structure to collapse outward. • requires precise engineering calculations and meticulous planning to ensure the safety of surrounding structures and minimize the impact of the collapse. High Reach Arm/Excavator • utilizes specialized high-reach excavators equipped with extended booms and attachments. • The excavator's arm can reach significant heights, allowing for the controlled dismantling of structures from the top down. Selective Demolition • Selective demolition involves the targeted removal of specific components or sections of a structure while preserving the integrity of surrounding areas. • This technique is often used when renovating or repurposing existing structures. Unit 5 – Demolition
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  COMMON DEMOLITION TECHNIQUES 5 Mechanical Demolition •Mechanical demolition involves the use of heavy machinery such as excavators, cranes, wrecking balls, or hydraulic shears to mechanically dismantle structures. • This technique is suitable for structures made of materials like concrete, steel, or wood. Deconstruction • Deconstruction is a method that focuses on salvaging and recycling materials from the structure being demolished. • It involves the careful disassembly of a building to recover reusable materials such as bricks, timber, metals, and fixtures. • Deconstruction aims to minimize waste, reduce environmental impact, and promote sustainability by repurposing or recycling materials instead of sending them to landfills. Unit 5 – Demolition
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  COMMON DEMOLITION TECHNIQUES 6Unit 5 – Demolition
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  BUILDING DEMOLITION METHODS 7Unit 5 – Demolition Divided into two categories 1. Non-explosive method demolition technique that uses hand tools and machinery. It is best used to dismantle smaller- to medium-sized structures like homes or other establishments. 2. Implosive method Implosive method is a type of demolition technique that uses explosives to destroy the structural supports of the building and make it collapse. It is best used to dismantle a building or structure with significant height.
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  DEMOLITION PROCESS 8 Unit5 – Demolition Survey the building Remove hazardous materials Prepare the demolition plan Implement safety measures
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  DEMOLITION BY MACHINES 9Unit 5 – Demolition  Demolition by machines refers to the use of heavy machinery and equipment to dismantle structures or buildings.  This method involves the use of specialized machinery such as excavators, bulldozers, cranes, hydraulic breakers, and shears to perform the demolition tasks.  It offers several advantages over manual demolition methods. It is faster, more efficient, and safer, as it reduces the need for manual labor in hazardous environments.  The use of powerful machinery allows for precise and controlled demolition, targeting specific areas or components of a structure while minimizing damage to adjacent structures.
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  DEMOLITION BY MACHINES- Types 10 Unit 5 – Demolition  Excavators: Excavators are versatile machines widely used in demolition. They have a hydraulic arm with a bucket or attachment at the end, allowing them to dig, lift, and move materials. Excavators can be equipped with different attachments, such as hydraulic breakers, shears, or grapples, to break down or cut through structures.
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  DEMOLITION BY MACHINES- Types 11 Unit 5 – Demolition  Bulldozers: Bulldozers are heavy machines with a wide blade at the front. They are commonly used for pushing and clearing debris during the demolition process. Bulldozers are particularly useful for leveling the site and removing large amounts of rubble.
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  DEMOLITION BY MACHINES- Types 12 Unit 5 – Demolition  Cranes: Cranes are used in demolition projects to lift and move heavy objects or materials. They can be equipped with wrecking balls or other specialized attachments to bring down structures. Cranes are often employed in high- reach demolition, where tall structures need to be dismantled from the top down.
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  DEMOLITION BY MACHINES- Types 13 Unit 5 – Demolition  Hydraulic Breakers: Hydraulic breakers, also known as hammers, are attachments that are mounted on excavators or other machinery. They use hydraulic power to deliver high- impact blows, allowing for the breaking of concrete, rocks, and other hard materials.
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  DEMOLITION BY MACHINES- Types 14 Unit 5 – Demolition  Shears: Shears are attachments that can be fitted onto excavators or other machinery. They are designed to cut through metal structures such as beams, columns, or steel frames during demolition. Shears are commonly used in selective demolition where precise cutting is required.
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  DEMOLITION BY MACHINES- Types 15 Unit 5 – Demolition  Grapples: Grapples are large claw-like attachments that can be attached to excavators or cranes. They are used to grab and handle debris, making it easier to remove and clear the site.
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  DEMOLITION BY MACHINES– Advantages & Benefits 16 Unit 5 – Demolition • Efficiency • Precision • Safety • Structural Integrity • Dust and Noise Control • Waste Management • Cost- Effectiveness Advantages & Benefits
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  DEMOLITION BY EXPLOSIVES 17Unit 5 – Demolition  Demolition by explosives, also known as controlled demolition, is a method used to dismantle structures using carefully placed explosives.  It involves strategically placing explosives at key structural points within a building to induce a rapid and controlled collapse.  This technique is employed when traditional methods, such as manual or mechanical demolition, are impractical or time- consuming.  By using explosives, structures can be brought down quickly, saving time and reducing labor costs.
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  DEMOLITION BY EXPLOSIVES 18Unit 5 – Demolition
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  DEMOLITION BY EXPLOSIVES- Types 19 Unit 5 – Demolition  Implosion: Implosion is a commonly used technique in controlled demolition. Explosives are strategically placed at critical structural points, such as columns or load-bearing walls, to cause the building to collapse inward on itself. This method is particularly useful for tall buildings or structures located in congested urban areas where there is limited space for the structure to collapse outward.
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  DEMOLITION BY EXPLOSIVES- Types 20 Unit 5 – Demolition  Sequential Demolition: Sequential demolition involves a step- by-step process of using explosives to bring down a structure in a controlled manner. This technique is employed when precise control is needed to minimize vibrations, noise, and damage to nearby structures.
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  DEMOLITION BY EXPLOSIVES- Types 21 Unit 5 – Demolition  Pre-weakening: In pre-weakening, explosives are used to weaken specific structural elements of a building before the main demolition. This technique is useful when there is a need to preserve certain portions of the structure or when the structure has complex geometry that requires careful planning. By strategically weakening specific components, the controlled demolition process becomes more predictable and manageable.
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  DEMOLITION BY EXPLOSIVES- Advantages 22 Unit 5 – Demolition Adva ntage s Speed and Efficiency Precision Safety Cost- Effective ness Reduced Environm ental Impact
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  DEMOLITION BY EXPLOSIVES 23Unit 5 – Demolition Point to be consider the before demolition by explosives  Structural Assessment  Permits and Regulations  Safety Planning  Hazardous Materials Identification  Site Preparation  Public Safety  Expertise and Training  Environmental Considerations  Monitoring and Contingency Plans
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  Advanced Demolition Techniques 24Unit 5 – Demolition Robotic Machines  These techniques involve the use of specialized robotic equipment, such as excavators, robots, drones, and wire cutting machines, to carry out demolition tasks.  Robotic machines are designed to operate remotely or autonomously, allowing them to access hazardous or hard-to- reach areas that may be challenging or unsafe for human workers.  They are equipped with various attachments, such as hydraulic hammers, crushers, shears, cutting tools, and wire saws, enabling them to break down, dismantle, and selectively remove components of structures.
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  Advanced Demolition Techniques 25Unit 5 – Demolition
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  Advanced Demolition Techniques- Examples 26 Unit 5 – Demolition  Robotic Excavators: Robotic excavators are equipped with robotic arms and attachments that enable them to perform various demolition tasks. These machines can be controlled remotely, allowing operators to safely operate them from a distance. Robotic excavators can be used to break down structures, remove debris, and clear the demolition site.
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  Advanced Demolition Techniques- Examples 27 Unit 5 – Demolition  Demolition Robots: Demolition robots are compact and agile machines designed specifically for demolition purposes. They are equipped with hydraulic hammers, crushers, or shears to break down and dismantle structures. These robots are often used in confined spaces or areas where it is unsafe for humans to work. They can access tight spaces, such as interior areas of buildings, and selectively remove materials.
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  Advanced Demolition Techniques- Examples 28 Unit 5 – Demolition  Robotic Drones: Drones equipped with demolition capabilities are increasingly being used in the demolition industry. These drones can be equipped with cutting tools, such as thermal or laser cutting devices, to remove specific components of a structure. They can also be used for surveying and inspecting structures before and after demolition.
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  Advanced Demolition Techniques- Examples 29 Unit 5 – Demolition  Wire Cutting Robots: Wire cutting robots are specialized machines that use wire saws to cut through concrete or metal structures. They are particularly useful when precise cutting is required, such as removing specific sections or cutting reinforcement bars. These robots can be remotely operated and are capable of cutting through thick and tough materials.
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  DEMOLITION BY ROBOTICMACHINES - Benefits 30 Unit 5 – Demolition Benefit s Enhance d Safety Precision and Control Increase d Efficienc y Remote Operatio n Accessib ility
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  DEMOLITION BY ROBOTICMACHINES 31 Unit 5 – Demolition Reason for NEED Safety Precision and Control Accessibility Efficiency and Productivity Remote Operation Environmental Considerations Cost-effectiveness
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  DEMOLITION SEQUENCE 32 Unit5 – Demolition
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  DISMANTLING TECHNIQUES 33 Unit5 – Demolition Dismantling techniques refer to methods used to carefully and systematically remove structures or components without causing damage or disruption to the surrounding environment. These techniques are often employed when demolition is not feasible or when preservation or salvage of certain elements is desired.
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  DISMANTLING TECHNIQUES 34 Unit5 – Demolition Few common dismantling techniques • Selective Demolition • Deconstruction • Soft Stripping • Sectional Demolition • Reverse Construction • Mechanical Dismantling
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  SAFETY PRECAUTION INDEMOLITION AND DISMANTLING 35 Unit 5 – Demolition Demolition involves the complete or partial removal of structures, while dismantling focuses on the careful disassembly of components or elements. These activities require careful planning, skilled labor, and adherence to safety protocols to ensure the safety of workers, protect the environment, and prevent damage to adjacent structures. The main objective of demolition and dismantling is to safely and efficiently remove structures or components to make way for new construction, renovations, or repurposing of land. These processes involve the use of various techniques, such as mechanical methods, explosives, robotic machines, or manual dismantling, depending on the nature and size of the project.
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  Some key safetyprecautions that should be considered 36 Unit 5 – Demolition Key safety precautions Site Assessment Planning and Engineering Worker Training and Competence Personal Protective Equipment Hazardous Material Management Equipment Inspection and Maintenance Debris Management Communicati on and Signage Emergency Response Planning Regular Safety Inspections