Sandy the scientist teaches about data analysis using data she collected on the number of saltwater and freshwater drops a penny could hold. She explains key terms like mean, median, mode, and range. The mean is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of values. The median is the middle number when values are ordered from least to greatest. The mode is the most frequent value. The range is the maximum minus the minimum value. Sandy demonstrates calculating these values and how to graph the results as a bar graph to make comparisons between the two data sets.