Current Electricity ( धारा वैद्युतिकी ) NCERT Based Notes PDF | Irfanullah Mehar | Drift Velocity | Ohm's Law | Resistance | Heating Effect of Current

T- 2t
 
F
 
PHYSICS
 
B
 
B
 
LEARN• UNDERSTAND • EXPLORE
 
b
 
Compiled by
 
* IRFANULLAH MEHAR
 
9 Pokaran, Jaisalmer (Raj.)
 
@irfanullah_mehar
 
World of Wisdom
 
M irfanullah3119@gmail.com
 
World of Wisdom
 
E=me?
 
F= ma
 
V= IR
 
m/s

Scan to Join Telegram Channel
 
@WORLDOFWISDOMSS
 
) Basic Ltro
 
Cuwment Electrici
 
ohm's la
 
1st
 
eiR ertrg/Cunent densi ty
 
ásT (Device)
 
(Resictanee)
 
2ned mp.
 
2002
 
2016
 
2013
 
03 | o4j2025
 
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Electic Cwwet
 
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Rate
 
is calleo)
 
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ot
 
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Chane (eiza)
 
he
 
Înstantànens

Ho f /fundamerdal uanttt tes)
 
sfe
 
-
 
t,
 
(Scalas Quant tA
 
Cls
 
(A)
 
Cta
 
ti
 
aa ab Ampee)
 
Biot
 
ct

NOT E
 
ti) +
 
I) -
 
Cuet
 
Conventirna
 
i,
 
eleetronic
 
fe-le
 
( Hqag eN) (e)
 
dloeant depend
 
Cuen
 
rent (1e)

(Bue to thraélatong
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t
 
faa
 
Those
 
Change
 
ahaged pantele
 
doginite
 
Cusent,
 
Casties)
 
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21|
 
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278
 
faenate

(i)
 
(i)
 
(matt)
 
(m)
 
(eolsd)
 
(Liqád)
 
(Ghas)
 
(Semiconcluctus)
 
(c.c)
 
(tree e)
 
(tve -Ve
 
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Hole
 
jon)
 
teee)
 
tvex e)

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NOTE
 
•:t1
 
I- n
 
nqva

RPsc 2nd Gaoe
 
Q.)
 
Soh
 
Q. 2
 
(A
 
foa
 
h
 
2022
 
,5 A
 
2.5
X
)N9
 
t sec
 
Or5XB
 
1.6 X10
 
-19

Solh
 
Qy
 
Solh
 
Sec.
 
dt
 
1- 4
(3)+3
 
I5 A
 
I 32+ 2t+1
 
t36ec,
 
3t3
 
2+2
 
36c|
 
+t

t 1 Sec.
 
AR
 
Lav
 
sR
 
J
 
Lay
 
t
 
t
 
2t2
 
|Lavg
 
Cuent Dendty

Ang
 
J
=
 
A
 
Area
 
A
 
J nqv)
 
TX10 eleatrm yarfta
 
1X 2X6
 
|5.6
X
)03 An2)

Drikt Velocity
 
Ne
 
e
 
t
 
m
 
N=e)
 
U=0
 
V= Vd
 
E
 
m
 
deloy
 
time
 
nVde
 
N

J- h Vd e E
 
Va
 
motien
oe
 
E
 
Dribt Veloeity is average value velocites
 
the
 
hermad
 
L°T2
 
Elestrk fueld
 
vndem
 
due toelecte bield,

aft fa
 
A
 
A, A
 
34
 
Vd, cungt,
 
Vd= com.

NOTE
 
(Relaxation Tire)
 
Tamp.
 
A
 
changed
 
Re5 X10 m/a
 
8x100
 
E
 
Pastiele have digt velooty
 
eleetic hield
 
v m' has a mobility

(A 2:5 X10
 
Match
 
E
 
(8) 25 X106
 
Column-I
 
Di velocity
 
7.5X1
 
the Column
 
3X10°lo
 
slestical Reafetfvity
 
Relaetion Perioc
 
Qinneut Densty
 
()2.25 Y10 5
 
(a)
 
 
Ams-A
 
Csumn- I
 
(iii)
 
b) neV liv)

Across
 
aniam
 
Potential
 
quanthity
 
the
 
Quent
 
Gsuet
 
Eleetric
 
metalle
 
aitt Veloeity
 
CTOSs
 
ditance
 
conaluetr
 
wich emain
 
 
aeshon,
 
@WORLDOFWISDOMSS
 
ypied, Tue
 
cntand alag
 
| Ans-B

9
 
Ohms
 
the phyeicad
 
to cwnent
 
quanttiea
 
H
 
then the potential fehanee q cr
 
ComalutY
 
 
thuugh
 
-
 
ORO
 
@WORLDOFWISDOMSS
 
ehds s conductrr is direcy propertioyal
 
ae
 
contat
 
Vd I
 
RV
 
he

ctup
 
eR
 
Ra
 
Ri
 
($A>4)
 
R
 
R
 
R, >R

) Ohmic 8wbtane
 
Allerss ohs
 
EX -
 
Ca
 
etfeaa ag metallle Gemaluatr)
 
Unohmic Devícea

Ex
 
fag
 
Electro cotlyet
 
Vector Rorm o ohms
 
A
 
(a
 
31s (olode)
 
Conduchi
vity) (

NOTE
 
:I nAeE
 
1/ =
IR
 
A
 
frde:
-
 
R esfstance
 
R
 
Propety wiah
 
R.
 
R
 
elenent whieh neassts eleote
 
ceut.
 
ma
 
hm
 
me?Ac
 
ne'zn
 
(she)
 
Speait'c roalslance / Ress stiviky
 
nate
 
subtfayce

ne?t
 
S2- n
 
-lmhg Com due tunce)
 
Elorment ohich Gupports blns
o elechie
 
cwteut,
 
mho

(a) fafe)BA -)org-6d)
 
Speaie Cunductuce /Cemauetiviy
 
ne'z

R
 
Resislance
 
(ney )
 
l
= Length o oire
 
Ruietance doent depen
 
depen on
 
1empeate.
 
V I
 
o5]oy)225
 
A = Cross seehon awea thckness
 
hick nes/Cross
 
raoliusnachue subetance

Spaiie Rtsencr ) Ret Reatstiy
 
întinsic
 
propety 4 aubtunce.
 
Repreauts natue o
 
two mattos
 
Tt depnd
 
epuatwe.
 
)
 
RA
 
awbetane.
 
hate subanee. e

Case-1
 
ont
eperd
 
When
 
dcled.
 
R <
 
A
 
Game gubétang is
 
A'
 
e,A ,R,V 1.
 
R

Case-u
 
0
 
Ohen wre is setceol
 
A
 
R
 
R
 
vemg) Cnetut
 
Censt
 
R
 
R y,
 
IRe
 
Re
 
AXA
 
(Ar]
 
Rd

A
 
Q. 11
 
A
 
Ond Gr caole
2 o)3
 
R
 
( Cross section es)
 
Ra
 
RI
 
)6R
 
5)
 
R<
 
R

R, R
 
Ra
 
te)
 
R a
 
R
 
reaistivity
 
Becond Wie
 
R2 P
 
R
P,
 
Ra
 
e
 
2Y2
 
|R 2R
 
halveal
 
hen

hal
 
Douse
 
)Renain anjat (aLIH)
 
X Combinaion o Reaistan ces
 
(suen Conbinatfon)
 
In ths combinatien
 
Coret
 
Angc|
 
Natue Bhstanee
 
at
 
fag-ffar
 
nede poit.

fefarg
 
Nocde Point
 
T
is combination
 
I
 
R,
 
Ra
 
Rogiva n
 
hee mre
 
itersects.
 
then
 
Node Pint s
 
Peit abset.
 
Re
 
two brancu
 
IR IR, +
IR+ IR3
 
Reg
 
+ 1RtRs

Paralleb
 
Qnent
 
Potetial
 
H/
 
Ri
 
Csrn bfnatfon
 
yI
 
Divicle
 
Eual
 
Reg
 
Rey
 
Ri
 
Re
 
Ro
 
RR1
 
RRa

Rey
 
R min
 
Req
 
Dependlanee Rerkfahcy
 
R
 
(Ro Ri ta R
>T
 
Zemp.
 
Lineas expensio coefftcjt
 
(Re Ri (I+AT)
 
-
 
Themo ecietive cue

Feo cooluctive matesual
 
R=
 
me?zA
 
Positive
 
netz
 
T1 RI pG
G
 
T R).
 
Supescunducter Materiät
 
lT
 
SermiconductrssS YINb)
 
&-Ve
 
Shsulator (gtmg)
 
-HlN ( Comdotur)

Onthe basis
o
Value
 
Lons meafetance
 
Kelvin dleble
 
Medium desis tane
 
bo 1S2 to 100KS2
 
wheatstone bidge
 
(le e)
 
High
 
e (Reafetnce)
 
resiejance
 
10oS2T 8
 
On the basic M
 
Caben Rafetancee
 
Russfonee

Casbon Resaance
 
-))JG
 
Goolon
 
oler
ence
 
Sc) (Tolenence) affarhaaA
 
n) -rat
 
(m) žoréfg
 
(Pawen o)
 
Cslanless) i t 20.
 
B
 
Back
 
B
Brous
 
R
 
Red
 
6reen
 
B Be
 
V
Vslet
 
GGry
 
NOite
 
Trick
 
BB ROY Gneat
 
Bi tain
 
2
 
Gsd
 
Vey

Ex.
 
NOTE
 
R
 
Bue
 
Green
 
Red
 
ldey
 
65 X 10 + 5%, S
 
potden
 
DoRnce
 
t202

*
Ewecy Regfstance
 
8)r (Connstatne)
 
abut
 
(Cut Ni)
 
oo01/c
 
len't

Y
 
STAR
 
X
 
Ri
 
DR
 
R,
 
DEL TA
 
R
 
ETwORK
 
Comvei)
 
Ra
 
RA
 
Rg
 
Ri

DELTA
 
Ra
 
R
 
STAR
 
AR to A
 
R =
 
X
 
R
 
R
Re
 
TI Netw osk
 
Ra Rc
 
Re
 
Rgt R Re
 
Rg t RRe
 
Y
 
eonversiy
 
R
 
Rg
 
X
 
Ra Ra
 
Rat RbtRg
 
R1
 
N
 
Z

Y
 
R
 
NM
 
R
 
Ra
 
Ra
 
to DElTA
 
Ro
 
Y
 
R, Ra
t Ra Ra9 Ra R,
 
R,
 
Rc.
 
Ra
 
X
 
RaRy.
 
Rb

Q.13)
 
1154 K
 
900 K
 
1
S)
 
R 2
 
T?
 
(6)
 
2X167
 
)100k
 
300
 
u167
 
gois o.oo12 5/2
 
1
 
Ans
 
2S
 
1400 K
 
(Tp 3o)

Q.15
 
-30O
 
30D
 
(Ts
 
3
 
)25 X
lo5
 
1160 K
 
The easctity o a wire
 
Decreaes
 
800
 
(4) Thc neases with the length the eire.
 
tsith the
 
Decreases ith
 
with the
 
Corect,
 
Nne h
the
 
JAne-B
 
the Length anl inereaes
 
taire
 
above étatemet is

Q.14
 
Ohms
 
A3
 
3
 
R3 S)
 
Law
 
(leeth Lytee)
 
3
 
Cenuctors)
 
1

A) 1
3:5
 
Re2
 
R Ra? Ra
 
No
te
 
531
 
2
 
583:1 @ 1
1
.15:125
 
3251 51
 
5
 
125 I5 1
 
RcCordng

NOTE
 
A
 
Q.19
 
=
 
A
 
AQ
 
Skite
 
5.6KS2
 
R
 
R
 
A2
 
Red
 
m
 
gilves
 
B.3 K SL

Q
90Find
 
(1)
 
the cquivalent eictance ( gyHale)
 
betwe en
 
8S2.
 
B
 
A
 
7
 
|2
 
An- D
 
Reg l6 S2.
 
=
 
12X6
 
|2+6
 
B

sh
 
h
 
a
 
h
 
H)
 
S

so
 
759
 
75h
 
-ay
 
Q

Q.21
 
A
 
rârgai
 
Re
 
Grounjeanae
 
271Y
 
L- 2 XTT X
l
 
12TT
 
R
 
5
 
R, R
 
e)
 
R
 
2
 
I2T
 
5X2.
 
O. 6 7T S
 
6 77-S
 
3S2
 
6T
 
5
 
fayRa
 
61T
 
52
 
a 0•6JS2

Q22]
 
Q.28
 
1 .21 J
T
 
R, - R
 
nR
 
R2
 
Both enain he soume
 
RQe
 
Rs
 
1.1 tiei
 
S6) R
1o%
 
Sarme (tH)
 
lo|
 
Rp R
 
).2) 02
 
R S2
 
(R )2)R
 
Ans-B)

(A)n ) n2
 
Rs
 
Rp min
 
h
 
R max
 
Rmin
 
n R
 
R
 
Telegramn Channel Join Karein Aur PDFs
 
Download Karein
 
 
@WORLDOFWISDOMSS

Bum
 
According to
 
Sum
 
Kirchott's
 
(Ar
 
lavo
 
ob) eR
 
appcake ur n hoce point
 
Gueut Co)
 
this la), the total
 
at
 
incom
 
natgufng
 
nade point fs
 
eunent fs equa le to
 
Tis a
baae m
 
Qushent at an node poik.
 
ahaye Consevot'on

1
 
I,
 
Kirchoth's Valtage auo
 
KVL)
 
Thia lauo fs appcakle
 
+I} -
htIg Ty -I;0
 
Accoraing to thi lao
 
rop
 
Lt
 
tuep.
 
total alebete
 
alaye

lauo.
 
+
 
Ri
 
baged
 
Ra
 
Va-IR
 
Shestt Qmeraten
 
Ra

xVoHage Division
 
(Sn seis cmbinatin/In loop)
 
Ri
 
VR
 
Y
 
y= IR T: Contan)
 
(errg fans)
 
Cwet Divisien
 
Rea
RtRz
 
R,+R2
 
R2
 
R,+R
 
Rey
 
XV
 
et noole peut
 
Ry+R
 
RytR

Q25
 
R
 
V
 
Ra
 
(.conat.)
 
R) I
 
(i) Re =
 
Reg
 
252.
 
VReg
=
RRa
 
y+2 = 6S)
 
(n) V
FR) YXya )6V
 
V
 
R
 
(OR
 
I R1R2
 
R,(AitR)
 
(RitR)
 
XI
 
R,tR,
 
equivalt
nesfsfante
 
R;R
 
(Pdetial up)
 
4
 
X*Y=
 
2
 
Y24> BA
 
R,Re 4+2

Q.26
 
ii)
 
(A
 
20
 
12x4
 
Ra
 
2Y
 
O.75
 
)2+4
 
bR
 
12 S2
 
|2.
 
50
 
)2 44
 
1244
 
equlvaled esfa
 
(i) fa) ( Pteudeal)
 
eilRT
 
X 20 e5)
 
1S
 
X20 )5A

Reg
 
E,
 
metho
 
Ohm's (as
 
lt1t y=€S2
 
R6
 
1Rirchos
 
R
 
E
 
2 C
 
metho
 
E
 
2V
 
KVL
 
+4I+11-4 +1T-9=0
 
6I-6 =0
 
Loop ule
 
6I=6
 
|I=1A)
 
1I
 
(B) ,Rt Es - Ez-aRO

2Y
 
22
 
Ra
 
fiRa + Ea-Eg-3 R
=0
 
2
 
E
 
R
 
Ams-)

I-doon
 
sh
 
'Ih
i
 
9.
=I9
 
-dao
 
QI9
 
9

2
 
Q.g0
 
Soln
 
2V
 
ype-T
 
-21,
 
223
 
Vee 213-I, +2,
 
E
 
2)-(1) t>
 
2
 
Verv
 
2
S)
 
2g
 
THpe
 
21,
 
((fâmA)
 
Ver
 
2F3
 
2r3-q+2T,
 
-2(5a)-4t20
 
= 10

LA
 
2F
 
2016
 
pe-T
 
+
 
DeenaI
 
29
 
Potential)
à far Y
R
 
2
 
venietance o
coll i hegUgi
 
R,
 
3V
 
(d) 2ord

SIR (ar)
 
X
 
Vaue o R -
 
Vyx -241R
 
|
 
iy
 
- 2 +)
 
R
3S)
 
2y
 
=1
 
1
=- 2R,+]
 
2R,
 
(GRD )

Soh
 
Find dhe
 
(farelr)
 
A
 
peteuttal t Ditbeanee
 
bho Peint A B,
 
Valtuge V= IR
 
4 S
 
Q.33) fara) n vå B He)
 
Sol
 
Glosin
 
pen

Q39
 
So
 
90V
 
20V
 
Tuk n
 
Sd he pototal dtence o
 
KVL
 
ISL
 
1I,
 
A
 
B
 
21
 
9S
 
+
 
2S2
 
70V
 
21 2s

A
 
20V
 
2S2
 
S2
 
Cuent
 
(er)
 
BY
 
152
 
I =
 
lo3A
 
3A
 
Yars
 
 
~2+20- 2| -5
 
T=3-,3
 
23
 
26
 
23A
 
I
 
K 3n
 
f- 23 A

Thsfs
 
Whoatstone oridge
 
neaswe
 
wnknun rauisfance
 
degleatio Preto,

h batance Conditicn
 
p
 
lheatfne bidg
 
(P Q) (1R4s)

Dond
Grecle ew))
 
Q.36
 
P
 
2S
 
l
 
R
 
4
 
2S2
 
2)n-8)

Stoalhoso
 
t
-adR
 
-adl
 
S
 
J
 
S

ype-m
 
Q.g3 Fnd the quwaled seafnce (a9 hasy)
 
So
 
Rg
 
R
 
R
 
5
 
PQ)(RAS)
 
20

LA - 2016
 
Q.39)
 
Ryadade
 
l5S2
 
1S2
 
2
 
P
6SZ
 
R
l5 SQ
 
P
R
 
Rx
 
AFCEB
 
Rx =
3s

(A) 32
 
8) 6s
 
Q42
 
(1)
 
|2S2
 
R
 
And the equuvalend
 
R
 
l062
 
2052
 
5s2
 
3
 
Resfstance
 
Reg
12
 
12+R 16
 
Rl6- 12
 
(An-d)
 
R
ys2)

3
 
R
 
GR
 
6+R
 
3R
 
6tR = 3R
 
RR

1
 
This
 
wine
 
ts
 
Tuis
 
Meder
 
TWs wserks
 
(uo
 
bidge.
 
bridqe
 
also called caytoáte
 
Conytectes.
 
Biage
 
based
 
P
 
i ve s
 
themo
 
masle
 
&idle wie
 
p
Positive.
 
e'oe
 
toheutetne
 
detleeton meted
 
eáctan eiive etcieut

AR
 
Ts is used
 
E
 
Knoon Resistnce
 
R
 
to find
 
Jockey
 
wnknwn
 
UnknUn Reuístuce
 
S
 
L
 
Galranometer
 
eisfane
 
S

2nd Gyade 20)3
 
A
 
(AT tAET R
 
(A) 13. 5 S
 
R
 
And the vaue
 
R
 
33.7
 
1(0- l-33.
 
66. 3
 
5).9 C)
 
33.
 
ng (
 
663
 
-
 
)
 
Xo
 
25.5 S2 )
32
 
R
 
12x
 
12+X
 
83.7
 
100- 98,)
 
()
 
51,3

LE3
 
R
 
3
2
 
R
 
1.5
 
12 t X
255
 
5).9 X
 
S-10S
 
0.1 m
 
I
C0-L=2.
 
66e3
 
33.7
 
x
)35 S
 
X 2
 
R - |5S
 
-lG
 
Ane- A
 
Ang
 
R, 5S2

P
 
QAR S
 
Q
 
5
 
Rotfaele
 
A
 
L
 
bo)
R s
 
p =5 S
 
S
 
20 0.0
 
5
 
R
 
205L
 
25
 
1-25
 
) 25 S
 
25
 
35
 
Ans- B)

,46
 
+
 
R
yS
 
6S
 
60cm
 
Rug
 
tos
 
A) 25 A
 
8) 033 A
 
66
 
Ans- D
 
.66A

NOTE)
 
in apete bralge ten balanee lengtn
 
afrey
 
e
 
oemaln
 
ne
 
oll
 
aituchagt
 
16D~0
 
esis tan ce
DWknon Yesi<
tnce
 
in meten briage
 
hen
 
intuchangee
 
balalance length will be (o-.

(otuent Meas uxbrg Dtmunend )
 
Ammete (enuter)
 
Galvenomee (eeeno)
 
Yoltmetes (iee)
 
Armmetes
 
e wwe
 
cwven,
 
Cuent
 
Quhent deteet.
 
fass
 
Volnge
 
mmeousWe
 
Voltage measwe
 
Mome
gcchate value

alyo
 
chcuit,
 
Tts inteunal
 
then
 
conneete
 
2t always epresents
 
iolea!
 
estunce
 
lao.
 
less readl
 
Ammete
 
rathes

Voltmeter
 
Tt mnealwe.
 
Tts ntenl
 
IR
 
Tt epreaents
 
Raalbng
 
pokentid veltage.
 
Cnhocted
 
 
vesfetunce
 
Accwrate
 
Valwe
 
paullel circuit.
 
Trtenal Resistonce o
fdRal
 
itjinit
 
lus eadšng rathe
 
rather thon oigial
 
Vottmeter infnite,

Galvenemeter e( ETRTATG)
 
olees not
 
SE 16edl 4o deteot smal cueut pascíng
 
thvngh it by
shoing
 
Symbdl
 
measwe ue
 
A
small
 
to cntrul
 
to give
 
shnt.
 
eictn ce s comneete
 
defbeahion
 
ewwent paseing
 
to rcuit
 
cabety
 
hmgh
 
pauetie

That caned at wtet
 
full lelecticn
, called full
 
Cwent,
 
* Conversion o Galvenometer ito
 
galrenemete shos
 
bull debleetion
 
(
 
( aicy TaRTe
 
VR
 
A smal
 
esistan ce fs conneote
 
to comved alvenemmr
 
Ameter
 
meter to amete

NOT E
 
Resfstance
 
RG
 
eorn
binin
 
R
G
 
i-i3
 
Rp
 
R

Converaiom
 
I|n-)
 
+
 
h- 1
 
Gialvencnete nto
 
A high geaetunce
 
to conyert galvenemeter
 
R (se4)
 
cunnected en
 
Voltmete
 
into
 
voltetes.

NOTE
 
V-
- R =0
 
R

So
 
R
G)
 
R
(n-1) 6
 
20S2
 
G20 S
 
9
 
1 X103
 
56 163- IX163
 
49 X1
 
R
 
20
 
S
 
X20

.98
 
Sol
 
Hoa cun
 
nto
 
Vov
 
veltmete Hh
 
uoidh
 
G-2OS
 
Galyenametes
 
nmaxiuu
 
maximunm ange %
 
103
 
20
 
1210 020

) Poterticmetea
 
Tts
 
meAsws
 
intenal
 
behores
 
JE
 
cyaw
 
oie
 
to
 
(osraunt)
 
s
 
thei
 
esietance a entinicte e,
 
ioleal Veltmees.
 
Like
 
enß
 
Se
 
vesistance ü ifinite that's why doeant
 
voltmetu,
 
aocuhate
 
ngiy Conateuntin t
 
beeaso
 
ro) te circit,
 
esiehvity
 
crtiefent is Lous
 
4 Potentiometer mode aya ike
 
its nchernal
 
Uyec kg
 
Poci tive
 
themoneálstve

E,
 
Qecendony
 
(Vaniakle
 
Va
 
Greit
 
gra)
,
 
ufrae
 
RH (Yaüable )
 
eircuit lKncon)
 
(Unkneon)
 
yesi tnce
 
oY
Cwent cehotle)

K
yan
 
Psinciple e Potentiometer
 
Unknown
 
potental
 
Jstibted
 
TWs
 
proceac
 
dojlecticn
 
balaneed b
 
dittanee
 
etine
 
called
 
metuod,
 
whiohis
 
R
 
ensn

Potentia! Gnadlfent
 
Voltge diheanoe
 
Pe wit
 
lugth
 
E
 
(x)
 
X=
 
X Y9A
 
Rp
 
(tApi Ry)
 
Vag
 
Potetomets
 
called potectil gradint,
 
far

XE k
 
(1 Rpi R)
 
Lng Rp
 
A
 
A
 
A
 
ABX K
 
NOTE
 
X
 
Xd E
 
X d
 
A

Current Electricity ( धारा वैद्युतिकी ) NCERT Based Notes PDF | Irfanullah Mehar | Drift Velocity | Ohm's Law | Resistance | Heating Effect of Current

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