This document summarizes Lab 3 of the CS106 Fundamentals of Computer Science course presented by TA Nada Kamel. The lab covers arithmetic operators, operator precedence, the modulus operator, and libraries like <cmath> and <iomanip>. It includes examples of calculating powers and trigonometric functions from <cmath> as well as using setprecision and setw from <iomanip>. Hands-on problems involve sharing chocolate bars, converting seconds to hours and minutes, and reversing a 4-digit number.

1. Lab 3
CS106 - Fundamentals of Computer Science
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

2. Agenda
 Arithmetic Operators
 C++ Operator Precedence
 Modulus
 <cmath> library
 <iomanip> library
 Example
 Hands-on problems
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

3. Arithmetic Operators
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

4. Arithmetic Operators
Operator Description
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulo
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

5. Operators Precedence
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

6. Priority of operators
1. () (brackets)
2. * , /, % (Multiplication, Division, Modulus)
3. + , - (Addition, Subtraction)
4. = (Assignment operator)
Examples:
int x = 3 * 5 / 2;
// x = 7
int x = 3 * (5 / 2);
// x = 6
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

7. Priority of operators (Cont.)
The most important rule when assigning is the right-to-left rule..
The assignment operation always takes place from right to left, and never the
other way.
Example
int a;
int x = 7;
int y = 3;
a = x + y;
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

8. Modulus
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

9. Modulus
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel
 It is represented by a percentage sign (%), gives the remainder of a
division of two values.
 Example:
int remainder = 11 % 3;
The value stored in variable remainder will be equal to 2, since dividing 11 by
3 results in 3, with a remainder of 2.

10. Modulus (Cont.)
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

11. Libraries
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

12. <cmath> library
 It contains functions to compute common mathematical operations and
transformations:
 Functions like power, square root, cosine, sine, tangent, etc.
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel
Function In C++
2 to the power of 6 ( 26
) pow(2, 6)
Square root of 15 sqrt(15)
cosine of 60 cos(60 * PI / 180)
sine of 30 sin(30 * PI / 180)

13. <iomanip> library
 It contains many functions to manipulate in output of parameters.
 One of the functions we will use in this course is
setprecision
 Sets the decimal precision to be used to format floating-point values on
output operations.
 Example:
cout << fixed << setprecision(3) << 12.45657 << endl;
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

14. Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

15. <iomanip> library (Cont.)
 Another function that we are going to use is
setw which sets field width.
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

16. Example on setprecision
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

17. Example
Write a program to calculate the average of 3 numbers entered by the user.
Round the average to 2 decimal places.
Example 1:
Input: 30.9 45.73 60
Output : "The average equals 45.5433 and is rounded to 45.54"
Example 2:
Input: 10.6759 67.892 42.86
Output: "The average equals 40.476 and is rounded to 40.48"
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

18. Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

19. Hands-on Problems
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

20. Problem 1
You take a bag of mini chocolate bars to the camp. You are going to share them
with the guys in your tent.
There are 7 guys in the tent and 100 chocolate bars.
Write a C++ program to compute
 How many can each person have if you want everyone to have the same
amount?
 How many chocolate bars will be left over?
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

21. Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

22. Problem 2
Write a C++ program that reads a large number of seconds and displays it in
terms of an integer number of hours, an integer number of minutes, and
remaining seconds (if any).
Examples:
Input Sample: Output Sample:
1432 00:23:52
Input Sample: Output Sample:
5382 01:29:42
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

23. Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

24. Problem 3
Write a C++ program to enter an integer number of 4 digits and display it in
an inverse order.
Example:
Input Sample:
Enter 4-digit number:
5723
Output Sample:
Inverse of the number is 3275
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

25. Presented by TA. Nada Kamel

26. Any Questions?
Presented by TA. Nada Kamel