This document provides an overview of cumulative effects analysis as outlined in the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). It defines cumulative effects and discusses how they differ from direct and indirect effects of a single action. While NEPA regulations address cumulative effects, federal agencies have developed different procedures for analyzing them. The document aims to provide guidance on analyzing cumulative effects, including incorporating them into scoping, describing the affected environment, and determining environmental consequences. It emphasizes that cumulative effects analysis should consider all past, present, and reasonably foreseeable actions that affect the resources of concern.
This document provides a guide for aligning the processes of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Environmental Management Systems (EMS). It introduces the complementary aspects of NEPA and EMS and provides suggestions on how their processes can be integrated. Key points include:
- NEPA involves analyzing environmental impacts of proposed actions, while EMS actively manages environmental impacts of ongoing operations.
- Their processes can be mutually supportive, such as incorporating NEPA commitments into an EMS and using EMS monitoring to improve future NEPA analyses.
- Suggestions are provided for implementing complementary processes, like identifying NEPA as an EMS operational control or incorporating mitigation measures from NEPA documents into EMS objectives and targets
This document is a citizen's guide to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) published by the Council on Environmental Quality. It provides an overview of NEPA's history and purpose, outlines the federal agencies responsible for implementing NEPA and the types of federal actions that trigger NEPA's procedural requirements. It also summarizes the key steps in the NEPA environmental review process and provides guidance on how citizens can get involved and have their voices heard.
Department of Homeland Security Prelimary Regulatory Reform PlanObama White House
When President Obama unveiled his plan to create a 21st-century regulatory system that protects the health and safety of Americans in a cost-effective way, he called for an unprecedented government-wide review of rules already on the books. As a result of that review, Department of Homeland Security has identified initiatives to reduce burdens and save money. Read the agency plan and share your comments, feedback and questions.
Visit WhiteHouse.gov/RegulatoryReform to view all the plans and learn more.
This handbook from the Council on Environmental Quality presents best practices for incorporating collaboration into the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process. It introduces the concept of collaboration in NEPA analyses and outlines the benefits. The handbook provides guidance on when collaboration works best and less well, and the basic approach to designing a collaborative NEPA process. It identifies opportunities for collaboration within each stage of the NEPA process and addresses common challenges to collaboration. The goal is to expand effective use of collaboration and improve environmental decision-making.
The document summarizes the findings of a study examining the effectiveness of the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) after 25 years of implementation. Key findings include:
- NEPA has been successful in requiring agencies to consider environmental impacts and allowing public
input, but implementation is sometimes inefficient and documents are too long.
- Five elements are critical to effective NEPA implementation: strategic planning, public involvement,
interagency coordination, place-based interdisciplinary decision-making, and adaptive management.
- Agencies could improve NEPA by integrating it earlier in planning, being more creative in public
outreach, better coordinating with other agencies, and implementing long-term monitoring and
Environmental Protection Agency Preliminary Regulatory Reform PlanObama White House
When President Obama unveiled his plan to create a 21st-century regulatory system that protects the health and safety of Americans in a cost-effective way, he called for an unprecedented government-wide review of rules already on the books. As a result of that review, the Environmental Protection Agency has identified initiatives to reduce burdens and save money. Read the agency plan and share your comments, feedback and questions.
Visit WhiteHouse.gov/RegulatoryReform to view all the plans and learn more.
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation Regulatory Reform Plan August 2011Obama White House
The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) sets forth a plan to review its existing regulations pursuant to an executive order on improving regulation. PBGC will reconsider some previously proposed regulations and make changes to allow more public participation in rulemaking. It will prioritize regulations for review based on factors such as changes since original promulgation and concerns raised by stakeholders. PBGC will involve the public more in the review process through hearings, online town halls, and continuing opportunities for public comment on its website.
The Department of the Interior (DOI) is undertaking a retrospective review of its existing regulations to make them more efficient, less burdensome, and more functional. As part of this process, DOI plans to review several significant regulations over the next two years, including oil and gas royalty valuation rules, endangered species act rules, and offshore energy safety rules. DOI seeks to simplify regulations where possible, reduce unnecessary burdens on industry and the public, and ensure decisions are based on sound science. Stakeholders will have opportunities to provide input throughout the review process.
This document provides a guide for aligning the processes of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Environmental Management Systems (EMS). It introduces the complementary aspects of NEPA and EMS and provides suggestions on how their processes can be integrated. Key points include:
- NEPA involves analyzing environmental impacts of proposed actions, while EMS actively manages environmental impacts of ongoing operations.
- Their processes can be mutually supportive, such as incorporating NEPA commitments into an EMS and using EMS monitoring to improve future NEPA analyses.
- Suggestions are provided for implementing complementary processes, like identifying NEPA as an EMS operational control or incorporating mitigation measures from NEPA documents into EMS objectives and targets
This document is a citizen's guide to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) published by the Council on Environmental Quality. It provides an overview of NEPA's history and purpose, outlines the federal agencies responsible for implementing NEPA and the types of federal actions that trigger NEPA's procedural requirements. It also summarizes the key steps in the NEPA environmental review process and provides guidance on how citizens can get involved and have their voices heard.
Department of Homeland Security Prelimary Regulatory Reform PlanObama White House
When President Obama unveiled his plan to create a 21st-century regulatory system that protects the health and safety of Americans in a cost-effective way, he called for an unprecedented government-wide review of rules already on the books. As a result of that review, Department of Homeland Security has identified initiatives to reduce burdens and save money. Read the agency plan and share your comments, feedback and questions.
Visit WhiteHouse.gov/RegulatoryReform to view all the plans and learn more.
This handbook from the Council on Environmental Quality presents best practices for incorporating collaboration into the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process. It introduces the concept of collaboration in NEPA analyses and outlines the benefits. The handbook provides guidance on when collaboration works best and less well, and the basic approach to designing a collaborative NEPA process. It identifies opportunities for collaboration within each stage of the NEPA process and addresses common challenges to collaboration. The goal is to expand effective use of collaboration and improve environmental decision-making.
The document summarizes the findings of a study examining the effectiveness of the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) after 25 years of implementation. Key findings include:
- NEPA has been successful in requiring agencies to consider environmental impacts and allowing public
input, but implementation is sometimes inefficient and documents are too long.
- Five elements are critical to effective NEPA implementation: strategic planning, public involvement,
interagency coordination, place-based interdisciplinary decision-making, and adaptive management.
- Agencies could improve NEPA by integrating it earlier in planning, being more creative in public
outreach, better coordinating with other agencies, and implementing long-term monitoring and
Environmental Protection Agency Preliminary Regulatory Reform PlanObama White House
When President Obama unveiled his plan to create a 21st-century regulatory system that protects the health and safety of Americans in a cost-effective way, he called for an unprecedented government-wide review of rules already on the books. As a result of that review, the Environmental Protection Agency has identified initiatives to reduce burdens and save money. Read the agency plan and share your comments, feedback and questions.
Visit WhiteHouse.gov/RegulatoryReform to view all the plans and learn more.
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation Regulatory Reform Plan August 2011Obama White House
The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) sets forth a plan to review its existing regulations pursuant to an executive order on improving regulation. PBGC will reconsider some previously proposed regulations and make changes to allow more public participation in rulemaking. It will prioritize regulations for review based on factors such as changes since original promulgation and concerns raised by stakeholders. PBGC will involve the public more in the review process through hearings, online town halls, and continuing opportunities for public comment on its website.
The Department of the Interior (DOI) is undertaking a retrospective review of its existing regulations to make them more efficient, less burdensome, and more functional. As part of this process, DOI plans to review several significant regulations over the next two years, including oil and gas royalty valuation rules, endangered species act rules, and offshore energy safety rules. DOI seeks to simplify regulations where possible, reduce unnecessary burdens on industry and the public, and ensure decisions are based on sound science. Stakeholders will have opportunities to provide input throughout the review process.
This document outlines the EPA's final plan for periodically reviewing existing regulations to determine if any should be modified, streamlined, expanded, or repealed. The plan describes 35 priority regulatory reviews that will be undertaken, with 16 categorized as "early actions" that are expected to result in proposed or final actions in 2011. The plan also establishes a process for future periodic regulatory reviews every five years. The goal is to modernize the regulatory system and reduce unnecessary burdens while continuing to protect human health and the environment.
Paper presented at symposium, SEA Implementazion and practive: Making an Impact? International Association for Impact Assessment, II Special Conference on SEA Prague, 21-23 September, 2011
This document outlines a new approach for counties in Oregon to complete National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requirements for transportation projects with assistance from the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT). Key points include:
- ODOT will contract qualified consultants to perform NEPA work and studies for county projects and pay associated costs.
- The county will be involved in setting milestones and approving the NEPA document. Signing the document makes the county eligible for federal funding.
- A complete initial project checklist and footprint are required for the consultant selection and NEPA process to begin. The consultant will coordinate directly with the county throughout the NEPA process.
The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) outlined its plan for retrospectively reviewing existing rules to identify rules that can be eliminated, streamlined, or modified to reduce costs and burdens. As part of this initial review, HHS identified hundreds of millions of dollars in potential annual savings from initiatives like revising hospital conditions of participation. HHS also committed to periodically reviewing significant regulations based on empirical evidence and public input to develop a more effective regulatory framework.
The document summarizes the key findings of the IPCC's Third Assessment Report on climate change mitigation. It finds that while climate change poses unique long-term challenges, significant progress has been made in developing greenhouse gas emission reduction technologies. Options exist to limit emissions in sectors like energy efficiency, renewable energy, and forestry that could potentially reduce global emissions below 2000 levels by 2020 at costs of less than $100 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent. However, realizing the full potential would require overcoming implementation challenges and developing supportive policies.
UNECE Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) - An Introductionzubeditufail
The document provides an introduction to the UNECE Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment. It summarizes that the Protocol establishes procedures for evaluating the environmental impacts of plans and programs early in the decision-making process. It requires parties to engage in public participation and consultation with authorities. The objective is to integrate environmental considerations into policies, plans, and programs to promote sustainable development.
A quarterly report on lessons learned, published June 2010. The lessons learned program aims to foster continuous improvement by publishing time and cost metrics as well as guidance on public participation and interagency co-ordination procedures for NEPA implementation and compliance.
This document outlines the Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) plan for retrospectively reviewing existing regulatory actions under Executive Order 13563. It discusses HUD's role in housing and communities, the requirements of EO 13563, HUD's solicitation of public comments, and examples of regulatory reforms that could reduce burdens and costs. The plan establishes HUD's general policy of periodic regulatory review, assigns oversight to the Office of General Counsel, and emphasizes soliciting public input to identify regulations that should be reviewed.
Strategic Environmental Assessment and International System Development Shahadat Hossain Shakil
This document summarizes the findings of a study that analyzed strategic environmental assessment (SEA) systems in 10 countries. The study aimed to assess the extent to which SEA has become integrated into national decision-making and identify gaps between SEA theory and practice. Key findings included that SEA is mainly voluntary, legislation is still evolving, and South Africa has the least developed SEA system. While basic guidelines have been developed in all countries, the Netherlands and England were identified as leading in legislation and guidance. The Netherlands also had the smallest gaps between SEA theory and practice.
Strategic Environment Assessments in Eastern Europe, Caucasus & Central AsiaUNDP Eurasia
This document discusses UNDP's support for applying strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. It describes several SEA projects UNDP has undertaken in the region. Key lessons learned include that SEA is most effective when integrated into planning processes early, when there is government and stakeholder ownership, and when capacity building includes practical pilot projects. SEA pilots in Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Belarus helped train specialists and integrate environmental considerations into development strategies and plans.
The document summarizes a public input meeting to discuss draft proposals from the Minnesota Chemical Regulation and Policy Project. The meeting agenda includes introductions, an overview of the project background and draft proposals, and breakout sessions to provide input on proposals regarding policy and risk management, science and risk assessment, and green chemistry. The draft proposals establish a Chemical Science Advisory Panel, evaluate emerging risk assessment methodologies, and create a Green Chemistry Innovation Council. Attendees will provide feedback on what works well in the proposals and potential concerns or changes.
Permitting Solar, Wind And Geothermal Projects On Public And Tribal Landsawaltner
Permitting Solar, Wind and Geothermal Projects on Public and Tribal Lands
Evaluates the Bureau of Land Management, Endangered Species Act, National Environmental Policy Act and other regulatory programs that apply to alternative energy developments
Key note address at the Thai National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) cross sector conference on strategic environmental assessment, November 2020
This presentation was given as part of the EPA-funded Catchment Science and Management Course focusing on Integrated Catchment Management, held in June 2015. This course was delivered by RPS Consultants. If you have any queries or comments, or wish to use the material in this presentation, please contact catchments@epa.ie
It is increasingly being recognised internationally that integrated catchment management (ICM) is a useful organising framework for tackling the ongoing challenge of balancing sustainable use and development of our natural resource, against achieving environmental goals. The basic principles of ICM (Williams, 2012) are to:
• Take a holistic and integrated approach to the management of land, biodiversity, water and community resources at the water catchment scale;
• Involve communities in planning and managing their landscapes; and
• Find a balance between resource use and resource conservation
ICM is now well established in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. In Europe the ICM approach has been proposed as being required to achieve effective water and catchment management, and is the approach being promoted by DEFRA for the UK, where it is called the “Catchment Based Approach” (CaBA). The principles and methodologies behind ICM sit well within the context of the Water Framework Directive with its aims and objectives for good water quality, sustainable development and public participation in water resource management. In Ireland it is proposed that the ICM approach will underlie the work and philosophy in developing and implementing future River Basin Management Plans.
CEQ has developed an Open Government Plan to promote transparency, participation, and collaboration as directed by President Obama's Open Government Initiative. The plan focuses on three key areas: 1) Promoting open government principles in CEQ-led environmental initiatives; 2) Refining CEQ operations to support open government; and 3) Expanding public access to data and participation in sustainability programs like GreenGov through new online tools. CEQ will work with agencies to publish high-value environmental data sets and ensure open government is integrated into interagency initiatives. Its flagship initiative will use web tools to expand participation in GreenGov and publish sustainability performance data.
This document provides an overview of project budgeting and financing concepts for local government units in the Philippines. It discusses budgeting approaches, capital budgeting, sources of project financing for LGUs including various taxes and fees. It also covers legalities around LGU borrowing and financing based on the Local Government Code as well as modes of accessing credit markets such as Build-Operate-Transfer agreements and municipal bonds. Common requirements for obtaining credit are also mentioned.
This document does not contain any readable text or information to summarize. It appears to contain random symbols and formatting characters without any discernible words, sentences, or meaning. The content cannot be summarized due to the lack of substantive information presented.
The document discusses Daetec's experience with temporary adhesives for thin substrate handling and backside processing. Daetec provides product development and consulting services, with a focus on coatings and cleaning products. Their business model involves formulating commercially available ingredients into new products or processes. They work with materials and equipment suppliers as well as end users in manufacturing. Daetec helps clients with concept development, prototyping, commercialization, and technology transfer.
This document outlines the EPA's final plan for periodically reviewing existing regulations to determine if any should be modified, streamlined, expanded, or repealed. The plan describes 35 priority regulatory reviews that will be undertaken, with 16 categorized as "early actions" that are expected to result in proposed or final actions in 2011. The plan also establishes a process for future periodic regulatory reviews every five years. The goal is to modernize the regulatory system and reduce unnecessary burdens while continuing to protect human health and the environment.
Paper presented at symposium, SEA Implementazion and practive: Making an Impact? International Association for Impact Assessment, II Special Conference on SEA Prague, 21-23 September, 2011
This document outlines a new approach for counties in Oregon to complete National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requirements for transportation projects with assistance from the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT). Key points include:
- ODOT will contract qualified consultants to perform NEPA work and studies for county projects and pay associated costs.
- The county will be involved in setting milestones and approving the NEPA document. Signing the document makes the county eligible for federal funding.
- A complete initial project checklist and footprint are required for the consultant selection and NEPA process to begin. The consultant will coordinate directly with the county throughout the NEPA process.
The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) outlined its plan for retrospectively reviewing existing rules to identify rules that can be eliminated, streamlined, or modified to reduce costs and burdens. As part of this initial review, HHS identified hundreds of millions of dollars in potential annual savings from initiatives like revising hospital conditions of participation. HHS also committed to periodically reviewing significant regulations based on empirical evidence and public input to develop a more effective regulatory framework.
The document summarizes the key findings of the IPCC's Third Assessment Report on climate change mitigation. It finds that while climate change poses unique long-term challenges, significant progress has been made in developing greenhouse gas emission reduction technologies. Options exist to limit emissions in sectors like energy efficiency, renewable energy, and forestry that could potentially reduce global emissions below 2000 levels by 2020 at costs of less than $100 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent. However, realizing the full potential would require overcoming implementation challenges and developing supportive policies.
UNECE Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) - An Introductionzubeditufail
The document provides an introduction to the UNECE Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment. It summarizes that the Protocol establishes procedures for evaluating the environmental impacts of plans and programs early in the decision-making process. It requires parties to engage in public participation and consultation with authorities. The objective is to integrate environmental considerations into policies, plans, and programs to promote sustainable development.
A quarterly report on lessons learned, published June 2010. The lessons learned program aims to foster continuous improvement by publishing time and cost metrics as well as guidance on public participation and interagency co-ordination procedures for NEPA implementation and compliance.
This document outlines the Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) plan for retrospectively reviewing existing regulatory actions under Executive Order 13563. It discusses HUD's role in housing and communities, the requirements of EO 13563, HUD's solicitation of public comments, and examples of regulatory reforms that could reduce burdens and costs. The plan establishes HUD's general policy of periodic regulatory review, assigns oversight to the Office of General Counsel, and emphasizes soliciting public input to identify regulations that should be reviewed.
Strategic Environmental Assessment and International System Development Shahadat Hossain Shakil
This document summarizes the findings of a study that analyzed strategic environmental assessment (SEA) systems in 10 countries. The study aimed to assess the extent to which SEA has become integrated into national decision-making and identify gaps between SEA theory and practice. Key findings included that SEA is mainly voluntary, legislation is still evolving, and South Africa has the least developed SEA system. While basic guidelines have been developed in all countries, the Netherlands and England were identified as leading in legislation and guidance. The Netherlands also had the smallest gaps between SEA theory and practice.
Strategic Environment Assessments in Eastern Europe, Caucasus & Central AsiaUNDP Eurasia
This document discusses UNDP's support for applying strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. It describes several SEA projects UNDP has undertaken in the region. Key lessons learned include that SEA is most effective when integrated into planning processes early, when there is government and stakeholder ownership, and when capacity building includes practical pilot projects. SEA pilots in Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Belarus helped train specialists and integrate environmental considerations into development strategies and plans.
The document summarizes a public input meeting to discuss draft proposals from the Minnesota Chemical Regulation and Policy Project. The meeting agenda includes introductions, an overview of the project background and draft proposals, and breakout sessions to provide input on proposals regarding policy and risk management, science and risk assessment, and green chemistry. The draft proposals establish a Chemical Science Advisory Panel, evaluate emerging risk assessment methodologies, and create a Green Chemistry Innovation Council. Attendees will provide feedback on what works well in the proposals and potential concerns or changes.
Permitting Solar, Wind And Geothermal Projects On Public And Tribal Landsawaltner
Permitting Solar, Wind and Geothermal Projects on Public and Tribal Lands
Evaluates the Bureau of Land Management, Endangered Species Act, National Environmental Policy Act and other regulatory programs that apply to alternative energy developments
Key note address at the Thai National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) cross sector conference on strategic environmental assessment, November 2020
This presentation was given as part of the EPA-funded Catchment Science and Management Course focusing on Integrated Catchment Management, held in June 2015. This course was delivered by RPS Consultants. If you have any queries or comments, or wish to use the material in this presentation, please contact catchments@epa.ie
It is increasingly being recognised internationally that integrated catchment management (ICM) is a useful organising framework for tackling the ongoing challenge of balancing sustainable use and development of our natural resource, against achieving environmental goals. The basic principles of ICM (Williams, 2012) are to:
• Take a holistic and integrated approach to the management of land, biodiversity, water and community resources at the water catchment scale;
• Involve communities in planning and managing their landscapes; and
• Find a balance between resource use and resource conservation
ICM is now well established in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. In Europe the ICM approach has been proposed as being required to achieve effective water and catchment management, and is the approach being promoted by DEFRA for the UK, where it is called the “Catchment Based Approach” (CaBA). The principles and methodologies behind ICM sit well within the context of the Water Framework Directive with its aims and objectives for good water quality, sustainable development and public participation in water resource management. In Ireland it is proposed that the ICM approach will underlie the work and philosophy in developing and implementing future River Basin Management Plans.
CEQ has developed an Open Government Plan to promote transparency, participation, and collaboration as directed by President Obama's Open Government Initiative. The plan focuses on three key areas: 1) Promoting open government principles in CEQ-led environmental initiatives; 2) Refining CEQ operations to support open government; and 3) Expanding public access to data and participation in sustainability programs like GreenGov through new online tools. CEQ will work with agencies to publish high-value environmental data sets and ensure open government is integrated into interagency initiatives. Its flagship initiative will use web tools to expand participation in GreenGov and publish sustainability performance data.
This document provides an overview of project budgeting and financing concepts for local government units in the Philippines. It discusses budgeting approaches, capital budgeting, sources of project financing for LGUs including various taxes and fees. It also covers legalities around LGU borrowing and financing based on the Local Government Code as well as modes of accessing credit markets such as Build-Operate-Transfer agreements and municipal bonds. Common requirements for obtaining credit are also mentioned.
This document does not contain any readable text or information to summarize. It appears to contain random symbols and formatting characters without any discernible words, sentences, or meaning. The content cannot be summarized due to the lack of substantive information presented.
The document discusses Daetec's experience with temporary adhesives for thin substrate handling and backside processing. Daetec provides product development and consulting services, with a focus on coatings and cleaning products. Their business model involves formulating commercially available ingredients into new products or processes. They work with materials and equipment suppliers as well as end users in manufacturing. Daetec helps clients with concept development, prototyping, commercialization, and technology transfer.
This document is an email from Gene Louden containing a daily news clipping for November 26, 2001 that was sent to over 100 NOAA employees. It lists each recipient's name and email address and notes that the read receipt for each is unknown. The email contains no other text or attachments.
This document consists of internal emails between White House staff regarding communication from an ABC News reporter requesting a copy of the "Global Report" and messages to contact Scott McClellan and calls between Phil Cooney and others. It discusses phone messages and requests to contact Scott McClellan.
This case involves a lawsuit brought by three states against the EPA seeking an order to add carbon dioxide to the list of air pollutants regulated under the Clean Air Act. The EPA argues the court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over the suit. The EPA memorandum in support of its motion to dismiss argues that 1) the decision to add pollutants involves complex technical and policy determinations left to the EPA's discretion, 2) the EPA has not made a formal judgment to add CO2 as required by the Clean Air Act, and 3) the EPA has concluded it does not have authority under the Act to regulate CO2 and other greenhouse gases to address climate change. Therefore, the plaintiffs have not shown the EPA violated a non-
The document outlines the US Department of Agriculture's plan for retrospective analysis of existing regulations pursuant to Executive Order 13563. It discusses focusing initial review on programs related to public access to USDA services like rural development, risk management, and food assistance. The plan aims to simplify program access and reduce reporting burdens on the public. It provides examples of initiatives that could save millions of hours in reduced burdens and millions of dollars. Public comments were invited and over 2,100 were received providing input on areas like farm programs and food safety.
The faith of a mustard seed can help us move mountains; But what does that really mean? This sermon examines the 3 key factors: FAITH, MUSTARD SEED, MOVE MOUNTAINS and will help you re-landcape your faith
This document contains correspondence related to a FOIA request for documents pertaining to the Climate Action Report from 2002. The request was sent to staff at the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) asking them to provide any communications, records, or information regarding CEQ's involvement with the Climate Action Report. Kenneth Peel responds that he has nothing on this issue as he only joined CEQ in July 2002, after the report was released.
LinkedIn Tips presented to SE Michigan Entrepreneurs Association (SEMEA)Brenda Meller
LinkedIn 101 plus Tips & Tricks presented to SEMEA on Thursday, April 28, 2015. How to use LinkedIn. Why LinkedIn is such a powerful network. How to get the most out of each status update. LinkedIn Profile checklist, and more.
Using games to improve computer vision solutionsOge Marques
Dr. Oge Marques discusses using games to improve computer vision solutions. Specifically, Dr. Marques describes a two-player web-based guessing game called Ask'nSeek that helps solve the computer vision problems of object detection, labeling, and semantic scene segmentation. Ask'nSeek logs spatial relationships and labels from a small number of games per image to train machine learning models for these tasks.
This document discusses key issues for the upcoming climate change negotiations in The Hague. It makes the following main points:
1) There are complicated political and technical issues to resolve, including how to implement rules for the Kyoto Protocol and determine carbon credits for activities like carbon sequestration. How these issues are decided will impact future climate change efforts.
2) Developing long-term emissions reduction targets and plans beyond 2012 is important to address, along with how to involve developing countries in a meaningful way. Short-term considerations should not outweigh the goal of an effective global framework.
3) The U.S. has an opportunity to show leadership at the talks. However, arguments against climate action
This document provides an overview and table of contents for a book about attack simulation and threat modeling. It discusses setting up a virtual lab using tools like VMware and VirtualBox to simulate attacks. It also covers using intrusion detection systems like Snort to detect attack signatures, and using honeypots and honeynets to further study attacks. The book aims to explore alternative analytic techniques from other disciplines to extract valuable security data and support research, including behavioral analysis, attack correlation, and pattern recognition techniques like data mining.
The EPA tracks total US greenhouse gas emissions by economic sector. According to EPA data from 1990 to 2000:
- Industrial sector emissions grew by 1.2% total or 0.1% annually. Emissions from agriculture grew by 7.1% total or 0.7% annually.
- Total emissions from industry including agriculture grew by 2.4% total or 0.2% annually over the period.
- The EPA does not yet have sector emissions data for 2001.
Impact prediction, evaluation and mitigation in eiaMizanur R. Shohel
The document defines environmental impact assessment (EIA) and outlines its key aspects:
1. EIA is defined as a formal process for identifying the likely effects of projects on the environment, human health, and welfare, as well as means to mitigate and monitor impacts.
2. The objectives of impact prediction in EIA are to identify the magnitude, probability, spatial and temporal scale of impacts from a project in comparison to the situation without the project.
3. Impact evaluation aims to assign significance to predicted impacts through scientific and professional judgment, measures of ecological disturbance, and consideration of standards and mitigation options. Analytical methods like cost-benefit analysis and multi-criteria scoring are used.
This document discusses various methodologies used in environmental impact assessments (EIAs). It outlines key characteristics an EIA methodology should have, such as being appropriate to the task and free from bias. Common impact identification methods are described, including checklists, matrices, networks and overlays. The stages of impact prediction, evaluation and identification are explained. The document also discusses techniques for impact prediction, evaluation of significance, and designing environmental protection measures. Overall it provides an overview of conceptual approaches and analytical tools used in EIAs.
This document discusses various methodologies used in environmental impact assessments (EIAs). It outlines key characteristics an EIA methodology should have, such as being appropriate to the task and free from bias. Common impact identification methods are described, including checklists, matrices, networks and overlays. The stages of impact prediction, evaluation and identification are explained. The document also discusses techniques for impact prediction, evaluation of significance, and designing environmental protection measures. Overall it provides an overview of conceptual approaches and analytical tools used in EIAs.
A procedure for evaluating Environmental Impacts - geological survey circular 645
by luna b. leopold, frank e. clarke, bruce b. hanshaw and james r. balsley
The document discusses different types of matrices used in environmental impact assessments to identify interactions between project activities and environmental factors. It describes simple matrices, stepped matrices, and weighted matrices. Simple matrices cross-reference project phases with environmental elements and can use symbols to show impact scale. Stepped matrices consider how activities relate to resources and how one action's impacts can affect other resources. Weighted matrices allow ranking impacts by assigning weights to environmental components and scoring project impacts.
The document discusses various methods used for predicting and evaluating environmental impacts in environmental impact assessments (EIAs). It describes two main categories of impact prediction methods: extrapolative methods based on past data and trends, and normative methods based on desired targets or standards. Specific methods mentioned include mathematical models, statistical models, GIS, experiments, and expert judgment. Key considerations for impact prediction are also outlined. Impact evaluation methods discussed are significance determination based on factors like public concern, effects on ecosystems, and standards, as well as analytical methods like cost-benefit analysis and multi-criteria scoring. The document concludes by linking impact prediction, evaluation, and the role of mitigation measures in EIAs.
Auditing the extractive industry-the case of GhanaAikinsOsei1
This document discusses auditing environmental impact assessments. It begins by defining environmental impact assessments and their importance in ensuring environmental factors are considered for projects. It describes the key components of the EIA process, including screening, scoping, impact identification and mitigation measures, reporting, decision making, monitoring, and public consultation. Emerging forms of assessment like cumulative, health, social and cultural heritage impact assessments are also covered. The benefits of auditing EIAs are outlined as helping identify problems, raise attention, and provide recommendations to improve the process. Effective EIAs rely on strong frameworks and implementation of mitigation measures. Challenges to auditing EIAs include lack of expertise, documentation issues, and accessing information. Criter
Screening is a quick analysis to determine if a full social and environmental impact assessment is needed. It evaluates factors like the project location, biodiversity value of the area, and technologies used. Screening helps identify potential biodiversity impacts early in planning. If further assessment is needed, scoping determines what impacts to focus on and identifies data gaps. Consultation with local stakeholders during scoping helps identify key impacts and gather feedback. Baseline studies provide data on habitats, species, and ecosystem services to assess future changes against. Impact prediction evaluates the nature, scale, and effects of potential impacts found during scoping and baseline studies. Mitigation aims to avoid, reduce, restore, relocate, or compensate for any negative impacts through measures like biodiversity
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT final na.docxMarskyUbia
predict the environmental consequences of human development activities and to plan appropriate measures to eliminate or reduce adverse effects and to augment positive effects.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts of proposed projects, plans, or legislative actions on the environment. The summary discusses the purpose of EIA to incorporate environmental considerations into decision making alongside technical and economic factors. It also defines key terms like environmental setting, environmental impact statement (EIS), and finding of no significant impact (FONSI) and explains the relationship between EIA, EIS and FONSI in the assessment process.
The document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments (EIA). It defines EIA and discusses its importance and key steps. Some main points:
- EIA is the process of evaluating potential environmental impacts of projects or actions. It aims to incorporate environmental factors into decision-making.
- Key steps include identifying the proposed action, examining environmental attributes, evaluating impacts using worksheets, summarizing impacts, reviewing alternatives, and analyzing findings.
- An environmental impact statement (EIS) or finding of no significant impact (FONSI) may be prepared depending on whether significant environmental impacts are found.
- The US National Environmental Policy Act of 1970 was influential in establishing EIAs as a decision-
An Approach To Consider The Impact Of Co-Designed Science Case Study Of Baye...Joshua Gorinson
1. The document proposes a framework for evaluating the impact of participatory science projects. The framework includes 5 key dimensions: increased knowledge/awareness, changed behavior/practice, dissemination of new knowledge, changes to policy/planning, and physical system improvements.
2. It applies this framework to evaluate a case study where Bayesian networks were co-developed with stakeholders to help set targets in a natural resource management plan. The evaluation found the framework provided structure but highlighted difficulties in retrospective impact assessments with limited resources.
3. Ideally, impact evaluation criteria should be established prior to a project and properly resourced. The proposed framework provides an intermediate approach between simplistic and too complex evaluations to help researchers consider the breadth
This document provides an overview of environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedures. It discusses how EIA evolved to integrate environmental planning with sustainable development in response to environmental issues caused by unplanned growth. The EIA process involves screening and scoping impacts, collecting baseline environmental data, assessing and predicting impacts, identifying mitigation measures, monitoring impacts and compliance, and producing an environmental impact statement report. However, the document notes some drawbacks of EIA implementation in India, such as some projects being exempted from EIA requirements, impact evaluations based on irrelevant cost metrics, biased expert committee selection, lack of public consultation and baseline data, and improper impact and disaster management plans.
The document provides information on environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and environmental management plans (EMPs). It defines EIAs as processes that identify, predict, evaluate, and mitigate biophysical, social, and other effects of development proposals prior to major decisions. The objectives of EIAs are to consider environmental factors in decision-making, identify potential impacts, and promote sustainable development through impact minimization. Methods used in EIAs include life cycle analyses for products, specific assessment protocols for GMOs, and fuzzy logic for hard-to-quantify impacts. EMPs are action plans that indicate which mitigation measures from EIA reports will be implemented to manage environmental impacts from projects. They ensure impacts are monitored and responsibility
This document discusses environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and management plans. It defines EIAs as processes that identify, predict, evaluate and mitigate biophysical, social and other effects of development proposals before major decisions. The objectives of EIAs are to consider environmental factors in decision-making, identify potential impacts, minimize adverse impacts, and promote sustainable development through public participation and environmental management plans. Common EIA methods discussed include product life cycle analysis, assessments of genetically modified organisms, and fuzzy logic to measure hard to quantify impacts. The document also outlines types of EIAs like strategic, regional and sectoral EIAs, and describes the typical steps involved in conducting an EIA.
Information for business decision making - environmental assessments, audits ...milesweaver
Here are the key points about environmental reviews:
- They assess a firm's current environmental performance and impact.
- They establish a baseline of the firm's environmental activities and impacts.
- They help inform the development of environmental policies, objectives and strategies by identifying areas for improvement.
- The results can be used to set targets and monitor progress over time through subsequent audits.
- They provide information on how activities are affecting the environment to support decision-making around reducing impacts.
So in summary, environmental reviews assess a firm's existing environmental performance and impacts to help inform the development of environmental policies and identify areas for improvement.
An environmental impact assessment (EIA) involves identifying and assessing the direct and indirect environmental effects of a proposed project. The EIA process collects baseline environmental data, forecasts potential impacts, and formulates an environmental management plan (EMP) to mitigate negative impacts. An EIA addresses effects on ecology, as well as social, economic and cultural factors. The main steps of an EIA are to identify relevant information, forecast project impacts, and assess the environmental acceptability of impacts and mitigation measures.
This document discusses life cycle assessment (LCA), a tool used to evaluate the environmental impacts of products and processes across their entire life cycles. It describes how LCA involves compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material inputs and environmental releases, then evaluating the potential human and ecological effects. The document provides background on the origins and development of LCA, outlines the typical phases of an LCA process, and discusses some limitations and challenges and how LCA can inform decision making.
This document outlines an environmental impact assessment course. The course objectives are to familiarize students with EIA concepts and principles, understand EIA requirements in different regions, prepare terms of reference and outlines for EIA studies, and conduct impact assessments of projects. The course covers introductions to EIA, the EIA process, techniques, social impact assessment, and impacts of water resource development projects. Students will learn about the evolution of EIA and conduct a case study analysis of a major water resource development project.
Similar to Considering Cumulative Effects Under Nepa (20)
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On January 12, 2016, President Obama delivered his final State of the Union address to Congress and the nation.
Check out the slides from the enhanced broadcast of his address, featuring charts, graphs, and images that help explain the policies and issues he discussed.
Learn more at WhiteHouse.gov/SOTU.
President Obama penned a letter to Congressman Nadler of New York outlining how the Iran deal is a key piece of our strategy to help our allies in the Middle East counter Iran's destabilizing activities.
This document appears to be notes from a meeting on drought and wildfire between Western governors and White House officials. The agenda includes presentations on drought and wildfires, followed by discussion. The document outlines various federal efforts to address drought, including disaster assistance for workers, water conservation programs, strategic investments, and fire preparedness. It also discusses the impacts of drought on forests and unsustainable increases in wildfire suppression funding.
Everyday acts of kindness and giving back can drive positive change in our nation and address global challenges when people come together through movements like #GivingTuesday. This document encourages supporting neighbors in need through charitable donations and kindness this holiday season to cultivate understanding that we are all part of something greater and can have an impact around the world.
Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865). "Nicolay Copy," Gettysburg Address, 1863. Page 1 and 2. Holograph manuscript. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. Gift of Hay family, 1916 (2.5). Courtesy of the National Archives and Library of Congress.
Message: Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the White House FellowsObama White House
This is the President's message commemorating the establishment of the White House Fellows, a prestigious program dedicated to giving the nation’s most promising leaders insight into the inner workings of the Federal government. To learn more visit: http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/fellows.
The minimum wage helps support family incomes, reducing inequality and poverty, but as a slide deck from the Council of Economic Advisers shows, as the real value of the minimum wage has been allowed to erode, it has stopped serving this important purpose.
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics PosterObama White House
On January 28, President Obama delivered the 2014 State of the Union Address to Congress and the nation.
Check out the slides from the enhanced broadcast of his address, featuring charts, graphs, and images that help explain the policies and issues he discussed.
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced GraphicsObama White House
On January 28, President Obama delivered the 2014 State of the Union Address to Congress and the nation.
Check out the slides from the enhanced broadcast of his address, featuring charts, graphs, and images that help explain the policies and issues he discussed.
See more at WhiteHouse.gov/SOTU.
President Obama's Handwritten Tribute to the Gettysburg AddressObama White House
150 years after President Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address, President Obama penned a handwritten tribute to President Lincoln's historic remarks.
President Obama believes we have a moral obligation to lead the fight against carbon pollution. Share the details of his plan to help make sure people in your community get the facts.
The document outlines the President's plan to reduce the deficit by more than $4 trillion total through 2023. It details that over $2.5 trillion in deficit reduction has already been signed into law. This includes $1.4 trillion in spending cuts and more than $600 billion in new tax revenue from the wealthy. The President has also offered Speaker Boehner an additional $1.5 trillion in deficit reduction, including $930 billion in spending cuts to defense, health care, and entitlement programs, as well as $580 billion from limiting tax deductions for the wealthy.
Now Is the Time: President Obama's Plan to Reduce Gun ViolenceObama White House
The President’s plan to protect our children and our communities by reducing gun violence.
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The document discusses President Obama's proposal to extend middle-class tax cuts. It proposes extending tax cuts for families making under $250,000 per year. This would benefit 114 million middle-class families. Failing to extend the cuts would increase taxes by an average of $1,600 for each of these families. The plan aims to reduce the federal deficit by $1.16 trillion over 10 years by not extending high-income tax cuts for those making over $250,000 annually.
The Obama Administration recognizes that the interconnected challenges in high-poverty neighborhoods require interconnected solutions. The Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative is a community-based approach to help neighborhoods in distress transform themselves into neighborhoods of opportunity.
20062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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“What Else Are They Talking About?”: A Large-Scale Longitudinal Analysis of M...Axel Bruns
Paper by Daniel Angus, Stephen Harrington, Axel Bruns, Phoebe Matich, Nadia Jude, Edward Hurcombe, and Ashwin Nagappa, presented at the ICA 2024 conference, Gold Coast, 22 June 2024.
17062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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Why We Chose ScyllaDB over DynamoDB for "User Watch Status"ScyllaDB
Yichen Wei and Adam Drennan share the architecture and technical requirements behind "user watch status" for a major global media streaming service, what that meant for their database, the pros and cons of the many options they considered for replacing DynamoDB, why they ultimately chose ScyllaDB, and their lessons learned so far.
Christian persecution in Islamic countries has intensified, with alarming incidents of violence, discrimination, and intolerance. This article highlights recent attacks in Nigeria, Pakistan, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq, exposing the multifaceted challenges faced by Christian communities. Despite the severity of these atrocities, the Western world's response remains muted due to political, economic, and social considerations. The urgent need for international intervention is underscored, emphasizing that without substantial support, the future of Christianity in these regions is at grave risk.
https://ecspe.org/the-rise-of-christian-persecution-in-islamic-countries/
18062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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यूजीसी-नेट और NEET परीक्षा (कई अन्य के अलावा, 2018 तक सीबीएसई द्वारा आयोजित की जाती थी, जो भारत में सार्वजनिक और निजी स्कूलों के लिए एक राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा बोर्ड था (और है), जिसे भारत सरकार द्वारा नियंत्रित और प्रबंधित किया जाता था।
Apna Punjab Media is a Punjabi newspaper that covers local and global news, cultural updates, and community events. It's a trusted source for Punjabi-speaking communities, offering a mix of traditional values and modern insights into Punjab's vibrant life and heritage.
projet de traité négocié à Istanbul (anglais).pdfEdouardHusson
Ceci est le projet de traité qui avait été négocié entre Russes et Ukrainiens à Istanbul en mars 2022, avant que les Etats-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne ne détournent Kiev de signer.
19 जून को बॉम्बे हाई कोर्ट ने विवादित फिल्म ‘हमारे बारह’ को 21 जून को थिएटर में रिलीज करने का रास्ता साफ कर दिया, हालांकि यह सुनिश्चित करने के बाद कि फिल्म निर्माता कुछ आपत्तिजनक अंशों को हटा दें।
19 जून को बॉम्बे हाई कोर्ट ने विवादित फिल्म ‘हमारे बारह’ को 21 जून को थिएटर में रिलीज करने का रास्ता साफ कर दिया, हालांकि यह सुनिश्चित करने के बाद कि फिल्म निर्माता कुछ आपत्तिजनक अंशों को हटा दें।
22062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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#WenguiGuo#WashingtonFarm Guo Wengui Wolf son ambition exposed to open a far...rittaajmal71
Since fleeing to the United States in 2014, Guo Wengui has founded a number of projects in the United States, such as GTV Media Group, GTV private equity, farm loan project, G Club Operations Co., LTD., and Himalaya Exchange.
16062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Importance of Staying Connected with the World of Politics.pdfJaydenIrish
Discover the power of staying updated on the latest political events at Mecella! Our dedicated Politics section offers comprehensive coverage, insightful analysis, and expert commentary. Stay informed with recent political events, breaking news and in-depth articles on worldwide political developments. Join us in understanding the world of politics!
2. PREFACE
This handbook presents the results of research and consultations by the Council on Environmental
Quality (CEQ) concerning the consideration of cumulative effects in analyses prepared under the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). It introduces the NEPA practitioner and other interested parties to
the complex issue of cumulative effects, outlines general principles, presents useful steps, and provides
information on methods of cumulative effects analysis and data sources. The handbook does not establish
new requirements for such analyses. It is not and should not be viewed as formal CEQ guidance on this
matter, nor are the recommendations in the handbook intended to be legally binding.
...
111
3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Council on Environmental Quality’s action on the environment. Analyzing cumula-
(CEQ) regulations (40 CFR $$ 1500 - 1508) tive effects is more challenging, primarily be-
implementing the procedural provisions of the cause of the difficulty of defining the geographic
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of (spatial) and time (temporal) boundaries. For
1969, as amended (42 U.S.C. $$ 4321 et seq.), example, if the boundaries are defined too
define cumulative effects as broadly, the analysis becomes unwieldy; if they
are defined too narrowly, significant issues may
the impact on the environment which results
be missed, and decision makers will be incom-
from the incremental impact of the action
pletely informed about the consequences of their
when added to other past, present, and
actions.
reasonably foreseeable future actions
regardless of what agency (Federal or non- The process of analyzing cumulative effects
Federal) or person undertakes such other can be thought of as enhancing the traditional
actions (40 CFR ~ 1508.7). components of an environmental impact assess-
Although the regulations touch on every aspect ment: (1) scoping, (2) describing the affected
of environmental impact analysis, very little has environment, and (3) determining the environ-
been said about cumulative effects. As a result, mental consequences. Generally it is also critical
federal agencies have independently developed to incorporate cumulative effects analysis into
procedures and methods to analyze the cumula- the development of alternatives for an EA or EIS.
tive effects of their actions on environmental Only by reevaluating and modifying alternatives
resources, with mixed results. in light of the projected cumulative effects can
adverse consequences be effectively avoided or
The CEQ’S “Considering Cumulative Effects minimized. Considering cumulative effects is
Under the National Environmental Policy Act” also essential to developing appropriate mitiga-
provides a framework for advancing envir- tion and monitoring its effectiveness.
onmental impact analysis by addressing cumu-
lative effects in either an environmental assess- In many ways, scoping is the key to analyzing
ment (EA) or an environmental impact statement cumulative effects; it provides the best oppor-
(EIS). The handbook presents practical methods tunity for identi&ing important cumulative
for addressing coincident effects (adverse or effects issues, setting appropriate boundaries for
beneficial) on specific resources, ecosystems, and analysis, and identifying relevant past, present,
human communities of all related activities, not and future actions. Scoping allows the NEPA
just the proposed project or alternatives that practitioner to “count what counts.” By evalu-
initiate the assessment process. ating resource impact zones and the life cycle of
effects rather than projects, the analyst can pro-
In their environmental analyses, federal
perly bound the cumulative effects analysis.
agencies routinely address the direct and (to a Scoping can also facilitate the interagency coop-
lesser extent) indirect effects of the proposed eration needed to identi& agency plans and other
v
4. actions whose effects might overlap those of the the success of mitigation measures is critical.
proposed action. Adaptive management provides the opportunity
to combine monitoring and decision making in a
When the analyst describes the affected en-
way that will better ensure protection of the
vironment, he or she is setting the environmental
environment and attainment of societal goals.
baseline and thresholds of environmental change
that are important for analyzing cumulative Successfully analyzing cumulative effects
effects. Recently developed indicators of ecolog- ultimately depends on the careful application of
ical integrity (e.g., index of biotic integrity for individual methods, techniques, and tools to the
fish) and landscape condition (e.g., fragmentation environmental impact assessment at hand.
of habitat patches) can be used as benchmarks of There is a close relationship between impact
accumulated change over time. In addition, assessment and environmental planning, and
remote sensing and geographic information many of the methods developed for each are
system (GIS) technologies provide improved applicable to cumulative effects analysis. The
means to analyze historical change in indicators unique requirements of cumulative effects anal-
of the condition of resources, ecosystems, and ysis (i.e., the focus on resource sustainability and
human communities, as well as the relevant the expanded geographic and time boundaries)
stress factors. Many dispersed local information must be addressed by developing an appropriate
sources and emerging regional data collection conceptual model. To do this, a suite of primary
programs are now available to describe the cum- methods can be used: questionnaires, interviews,
ulative effects of a proposed action. and panels; checklists; matrices; networks and
system diagrams; modeling; trends analysis; and
Determining the cumulative environmental
overlay mapping and GIS. As with project-
consequences of an action requires delineating
specific effects, tables and matrices can be used
the cause-and-effect relationships between the
to evaluate cumulative effects (and have been
multiple actions and the resources, ecosystems,
modified specifically to do so). Special methods
and human communities of concern. Analysts
are also available to address the unique aspects
must tease from the complex networks of possible
of cumulative effects, including carrying capacity
interactions those that substantially affect the
analysis, ecosystem analysis, economic impact
resources. Then, they must describe the re-
analysis, and social impact analysis.
sponse of the resource to this environmental
change using modeling, trends analysis, and This handbook was developed by reviewing
scenario building when uncertainties are great. the literature and interviewing practitioners of
The significance of cumulative effects depend on environmental impact assessment. Most agen-
how they compare with the environmental base- cies that have recently developed their own
line and relevant resource thresholds (such as guidelines for analyzing cumulative effects recog-
regulatory standards). Most often, the historical nize cumulative effects analysis as an integral
context surrounding the resource is critical to part of the NEPA process, not a separate effort.
developing these baselines and thresholds and to This handbook is not formal guidance nor is it
supporting both imminent and future decision- exhaustive or definitive; it should assist practi-
making, tioners in developing their own study-specific
approaches. CEQ expects that the handbook
Undoubtedly, the consequences of human
(and similar agency guidelines) will be updated
activities will vary from those that were pre-
periodically to reflect additional experience and
dicted and mitigated. This will be even more
new methods, thereby, constantly improving the
problematic because of cumulative effects; there-
state of cumulative effects analysis.
fore, monitoring the accuracy of predictions and
vi
5. new methods, thereby, constantly improving the designing mitigation, Table E-1 illustrates how
state of cumulative effects analysis. the principles of cumulative effects analysis can
be the focus of each component of the NEPA
The handbook begins with an introduction to
process. Chapter 5 discusses the methods, tech-
the cumulative effects problem and its relevance
niques, and tnols needed to develop a study-
to the NEPA process. The introduction defines
specific methodology and actually implement
eight general principles of cumulative effects
cumulative effects analysis. Appendix A provides
analysis and lays out ten specific steps that the
summaries of 11 of these methods.
NEPA practitioner can use tQanalyze cumulative
effects. The next three chapters parallel the Cumulative effects analysis is an emerging
environmental impact assessment process and discipline in which the NEPA practitioner can be
discuss analyzing cumulative effects while (1) overwhelmed by the details of the scoping and
scoping, (2) describing the affected environment, analytical phases. The continuing challenge of
and (3) determining environmental conse- cumulative effects analysis is to focus on impor-
quences. Each component in the NEPA process tant cumulative issues, recognizing that a better
is the logical place to complete necessary steps in decision, rather than a perfect cumulative effects
cumulative effects analysis, but practitioners analysis, is the goal of NEPA and environmental
should remember that analyzing for cumulative impact assessment professionals.
effects is an iterative process. Specifically, the
results of cumulative effects analysis can and
should contribute to refining alternatives and
Table E-1. Incorporating pdnclples of cumulative effects analysis (CEA) into the components of
environmental Impact assessment (EIA)
EIA Components CEA Principles
jcoping q Include pad, present, and future actions.
q include all federal, nonfederal, and private actions.
q Focus on each affected resource, ecosystem, and human
community.
q Focus on truly meaningful effects.
Describing the Affected Environment q Focus on each affected resource, ecosystem, and human
community.
q Use natural boundaries.
determining the Environmental Consequences q Address additive, countervailing, and synergistic effects.
q Look beyond the life of the action.
q Address the sustainability of resources, ecosystems, and human
communities.
vii