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Conifers (Biodiversity)

Conifers are the most diverse and widespread of gymnosperms, consisting of about 50 genera and 550 species of trees found worldwide. They include the tallest and largest plants on Earth. Conifers are classified in the division Coniferophyta and orders such as Pinales and Taxales. They are economically important as they occur in forests that supply wood for lumber, paper, and chemicals like cellulose which can be used to make products like rayon.

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Characteristics  Most diverse and familiar of the gymnosperms  Consist of about 50 genera of trees with approximately 550 species worldwide Include the world’s tallest and largest plants; from moderate to gigantic size Note that conifers are never vines, herbs, or annuals, and they never have bulbs or rhizomes The leaves of conifers are always simple, being either needles or scales, and are perennial Conifers are dominant species at high elevations
LIFE CYCLE
CLASSIFICATION OF DIVISION CONIFEROPHYTA Order Cordaitales Family: Araucariaceae Family: Cordaitaceae Genus: metasequoia (dawn redwood) Genus: Cordaites sequoia (redwood) sequoiadendrion (giant sequoia) Order Voltziales taxodium (bald cypress) Family: Voltziaceae Family: podocarpaceae Genus: Labachia Genus: dacrydium podocarpus (podocarp) Order Coniferales Family: Cephalotaxaceae Family: Pinaceae Genus: cephalotaxus Genus: abies (firs) cedrus (cedar) Order Taxales larix (larch) Family: Taxaceae picea (spruce) Genus: taxus (yew) pinus (pine) torreya pseudotsuga (Douglas Fir) tsuga (hemlock)
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF CONIFERS  They occur in extensive forest that supply us with wood used for lumber and paper  Chemicals are also obtained from conifers, example of which is cellulose ; after being purified, it can be converted into rayon, cellophane and other household products  Venetian Turpene, extracted from larch, is an important material for artists.