The document provides essential information about key concepts in computer networking, including the differences between hubs and switches, the purpose of IP addresses and DNS, and the roles of firewalls and routers. It explains subnetting, NAT, and the functions of TCP and UDP as well as the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). Overall, it serves as a concise guide to fundamental networking principles.

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2. Question: What is the difference between a hub and a switch in a computer
network?
Solution: A hub operates at the physical layer of the OSI model and simply
broadcasts all incoming data to all connected devices. On the other hand, a
switch operates at the data link layer and intelligently forwards data to specific
devices based on their MAC addresses.
Question: What is the purpose of an IP address in a computer network?
Solution: An IP address is used to uniquely identify a device on a network. It
allows devices to send and receive data packets over the network by providing
a source and destination address for the packets.
Question: What is the role of DNS in computer networks?
Solution: DNS (Domain Name System) is responsible for translating domain
names (e.g., www.example.com) into IP addresses. It acts as a directory that
allows users to access websites using human-readable domain names instead
of remembering the corresponding IP addresses.
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3. Question: Explain the concept of subnetting in computer networks.
Solution: Subnetting is the process of dividing a large network into smaller
subnetworks called subnets. It helps in efficient utilization of IP addresses and allows
for better network management and organization.
Question: What is the purpose of a firewall in computer networks?
Solution: A firewall acts as a security barrier between an internal network and
external networks (such as the internet). It monitors and controls incoming and
outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules, helping to protect the
network from unauthorized access and potential threats.
Question: What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
Solution: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol that
guarantees the reliable delivery of data packets in the correct order. UDP (User
Datagram Protocol), on the other hand, is a connectionless protocol that does not
guarantee reliable delivery and is commonly used for applications where speed and
efficiency are more important than reliability, such as real-time streaming and
gaming.
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4. Question: Explain the concept of NAT (Network Address Translation).
Solution: NAT is a technique used in computer networks to map multiple private IP
addresses to a single public IP address. It allows devices within a private network to
share a common public IP address when communicating with external networks,
helping to conserve IPv4 addresses.
Question: What is the purpose of ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) in a computer
network?
Solution: ARP is used to resolve an IP address to its corresponding MAC address
in a local network. It allows devices to find the MAC address of another device on
the same network, enabling communication at the data link layer.
Question: What is the role of a router in a computer network?
Solution: A router is a networking device that connects multiple networks together
and forwards data packets between them. It uses routing tables to determine the
best path for data transmission and helps in directing traffic efficiently across
networks.
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