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Comprehensive Training on Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Support and Management

An in-depth course covering GBV definitions, causes, prevention, response strategies, data management, psychological first aid, and protection against sexual exploitation in humanitarian contexts.

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Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Abraham Lebeza MEL Expert Email:- lebezaalemu@gmail.com
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services https://agora.unicef.org/user/profile.php?id=41357 1. How to provide initial support to survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) 2. Gender-based Violence (GBV) online course - Level 1 by UNHCR 3. Gender-based Violence (GBV) online course - Level 2 by UNHCR 4. UNFPA- Managing Gender Based Violence Programmes in Emergencies 5. Inter-Agency Minimum Standards for Gender-Based Violence in Emergencies Programming Course information | Gender-Based Violence Information Management System | Kaya 6. GBV data management that the GBVIMS Disaster ready 7.Gender-based Violence and child protection case management steps certificate 8.Intra agency Gender-based Violence management certificate 9.Introduction to Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in Crisis
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Select the challenges in GBV data management that the GBVIMS was developed to overcome. • Sharing too much information (e.g. case files) • Sharing information without consent • Unsafe approach to data sharing • Unsafe approach to data storage • Lack of standardisation -comparing apples to oranges • Programming based on anecdotes and not on data
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Course objective The purpose of the course is to develop the ability of frontline workers to deal with situations of gender-based violence and offer useful information on available services.
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services At the end of the course, participants will be able to: Recognize the definition of GBV Understand the dynamics of GBV affecting people during emergency situations such as conflict, natural disasters, and forced displacement Identify the guiding principles, link the principles with their description and understand how to use them Recognize the definition and importance of psychological first aid (PFA) in situations of GBV and connect each phase to its description Understand the best way to behave in each phase of PFA Recognize the guiding principles, responsibilities and limitations of supporting child survivors of violence
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services GBV causes and contributing factors and consequences The root cause of GBV are:- • Deeply entrenched social norms and attitudes (Gender inequality) • Systemic discrimination and unequal power relations • Disrespect for human rights
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Gender-Based Violence (GBV) programming uses three core pillars. 1. Prevention stops violence before it starts. 2. Risk mitigation reduces exposure to danger. 3. Response provides care for survivors. These strategies work together to protect vulnerable groups, especially women and girls
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Prevention, Mitigation and Response There are three ways in which GBV is addressed: Prevention: taking action to prevent GBV from happening in the first place Mitigation: reducing the risk of exposure to GBV Response: activities undertaken by specialised service providers related to survivor care and assistance
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Contributing factors The contributing factors of GBV are many and depends on the context on which GBV is occurring • The lack of institutional and legal framework • The presence of armed conflict or natural disasters • The abuse of alcohol or drugs • The separation of families and the disruption of community support and • Poverty , among others Risk factors manifest at all spheres and intervene at all level of the ecological model
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Contributing factors The contributing factors of GBV are many and depends on the context on which GBV is occurring • The lack of institutional and legal framework • The presence of armed conflict or natural disasters • The abuse of alcohol or drugs • The separation of families and the disruption of community support and • Poverty , among others Risk factors manifest at all spheres and intervene at all level of the ecological model
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Non-binary describes people whose gender identity is not strictly a boy or a girl. It is an umbrella term. It covers identities like "agender" (having no gender) or "gender-fluid" (changing over time). Many non-binary people use "they/them" pronouns, while others use "he", "she", or neo-pronouns SEXUAL ORIENTATION Each person’s enduring capacity for profound romantic, emotional and/or physical feelings for, or attrac tion to, other people. Encompasses hetero-, homo-, bi-, pan- and asexuality, as well as a wide range of other expressions of sexual orientation. This term is preferred over sexual preference, sexual behavior, lifestyle and way of life when describing an individual’s feelings for or attraction to other people. GENDER IDENTITY Each person’s deeply felt internal and individual experience of gender, which may or may not correspond with their sex assigned at birth or the gender attributed to them by society. It includes the personal sense of the body, which may or may not involve a desire for modification of appearance or function of the body by medical, surgical or other means.
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Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Contributing factors • Epidemics • Lack of education • Lack of protection from authorities • Disaster • Armed conflict and displacement
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services GBV in emergencies There is a growing recognition that in emergencies such as conflict and natural disasters, during displacement, and during and after return, affected populations can experience various forms of gender-based violence (GBV). Natural disasters and other emergencies exacerbate the violence and diminish means of protection. And GBV not only violates and traumatizes its survivors, it also undermines the resilience of their societies, making it harder to recover and rebuild. Accounts of sexual violence in conflict situations – especially against women and girls – have been widely documented. However, intimate partner violence (IPV) is increasingly recognized as a critical GBV concern during emergencies. Hence, all forms of violence – including sexual violence, IPV and other forms of domestic violence, forced and/or coerced prostitution, child and/or forced marriage, female genital mutilation/cutting, female infanticide, and trafficking for sexual exploitation and/or forced/domestic labour – must be considered in GBV prevention and mitigation assistance efforts, according to the trends in violence and the needs identified in a given setting. Moreover, in any emergency, there are groups of individuals who are more vulnerable to harm than other members of the population. This is often because they hold less power in society, are more dependent on others for survival, are less visible to relief workers, or are otherwise marginalized. When sources of vulnerability – such as age, disability, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, etc. – intersect with gender-based discrimination, the likelihood of women’s and girls’ exposure to GBV can escalate. For example, adolescent girls who are forced into child marriage – a form of GBV in itself – may be at greater risk of IPV than adult females. In the case of men, boys and persons with diverse sexual orientations and gender identities, as well as non-binary individuals, gender-inequitable norms can increase their exposure to violence driven by a desire to punish those seen as defying gender norms. For more information, consult the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) (2015) Guidelines for integrating gender-based violence interventions in humanitarian action: Reducing risk, promoting resilience and aiding recovery, available at: https://gbvguidelines.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/2015-IASC-Gender-based-Violence-Guidelines_lo-res.pdf
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Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Guiding principles and introduction to Psychological First Aid The principles that guide and support to the GBV survivors (survivor-centered approach) while a practitioner encountered are :- 1. Safety 2. Confidentiality 3. Respect and 4. Non-discrimination
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Sexual exploitation and abuse by a humanitarian actor Protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA) is the term used to refer to all those systems put in place with the purpose to protect vulnerable people from sexual exploitation and abuse by humanitarian actors and associated personnel in a humanitarian context. This includes frontline workers, volunteers, guards, contractors, United Nations (UN) mission and police personnel, staff representing national authorities and institutions, suppliers of goods and services for humanitarian aid, overall assistance and so on. Regardless of who the perpetrator is, the approach to supporting any survivor of gender-based violence (GBV) – as outlined in this guide – remains the same. For additional responsibilities that arise when the perpetrator is a humanitarian aid worker or any other frontline worker, it is important to check the protocols of the organization or institution with legal experts.
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Principles The UN promotes six core principles relating to PSEA: 1. Sexual exploitation and abuse by humanitarian workers constitute acts of gross misconduct and are therefore grounds for termination of employment. 2.Sexual activity with persons under the age of 18 is prohibited, regardless of the age of majority or the age of consent locally. Mistaken belief regarding the age of a child is not a defence. 3. Exchange of money, employment, goods, or services for sex, including sexual favours or other forms of humiliating, degrading or exploitative behaviour, is prohibited. This includes the exchange of assistance that is due to beneficiaries. 4. Any sexual relationship between those providing humanitarian assistance and protection and a person benefiting from such humanitarian assistance and protection that involves improper use of rank or position is prohibited. Such relationships undermine the credibility and integrity of humanitarian aid work. 5.Where a humanitarian worker develops concerns or suspicions regarding sexual abuse or exploitation by a fellow worker, whether in the same agency or not, they must report such concerns via established agency reporting mechanisms. 6.Humanitarian workers are obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents sexual exploitation and abuse and promotes the implementation of their code of conduct. Managers at all levels have particular responsibilities to support and develop systems that maintain this environment. Further reading: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/181101_iasc_champions_sea_sh_strategy_final.pdf https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/32428/protection-from-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse-psea Humanitarian principles | UNHCR
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services What is PFA? • Humane, suppor&ve and prac&cal assistance to fellow human beings who recently suffered exposure to serious stressors, and involves The decision-making map to support GBV survivors is a 'map' that can help us use the psychological first aid approach correctly
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services What is PFA? • Humane, supportive and practical assistance to fellow human beings who recently suffered exposure to serious stressors, and involves : • Non-intrusive, practical care and support • Assessing needs and concerns • Helping people to address basic needs (food, water) • Listening, but not pressuring people to talk • Comforting people and helping them to feel calm • Helping people connect to information, services and social supports • Protecting people from further harm
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services What PFA is NOT? • It is NOT something only professionals can do • It is NOT professional counselling • It is NOT “psychological debriefing” -No detailed discussion of the distressing event • It is NOT asking people to analyze what happened or put me and events in order • Although PFA involves being available to listen to people’s stories, it is NOT pressuring people to tell you their feelings or reactions to an event
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Survivors of GBV typically have multiple and complex needs that require a comprehensive set of services. A multi-sectoral response is needed to effectively provide all of these services. Services can include any or all of the following: health, psychosocial, security & protection, and legal/justice.
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Gender-Based Violence (GBV) case management Gender-Based Violence (GBV) case management is a structured, survivor- centered process. A dedicated caseworker helps a survivor identify their physical, emotional, and social needs. The worker then creates an action plan, offers emotional support, and safely connects the survivor to medical, legal, and housing services.
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Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Every individual has values based on their beliefs and these shapes behavior There fore the frontline workers are expected to align with the guideline putting in to practice the recommendations in the guideline
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services The support of linguistic-cultural mediators The support of specialized and trained linguistic-cultural mediators (LCMs) is highly recommended and in some cases essential so that the services offered to survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) are accessible and understandable.Furthermore, it is recommended and considered good practice to have female trained LCMs when dealing with GBV survivors. In addition to providing an accurate translation service, LCMs contribute to an adequate response to individual needs and requirements related to possible religious, cultural and social aspects.Using an LCM makes it easier to establish a relationship of mutual trust and respect between a GBV survivor and the frontline worker assisting them. Linguistic-cultural mediation is a way for the GBV survivor to access services and for the frontline worker to manage their cases more effectively. In addition to translations, LCMs can also provide information on customs and traditions, cultural taboos, vernacular phrases, culturally charged gestures, body language, and time. An LCM can work permanently as part of a specific service or work ‘on-call’; in both cases, it is important that before a three-way interview with another worker (legal, social, health, psychiatric, etc.), the LCM is adequately trained on GBV guiding principles and psychological first aid (PFA), and they are aware of the objectives and purpose of the service provided and/or of the interview. It is important to take time after the interview to exchange views on how it went and to clarify any complex issues or doubts.
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services In the event of an encounter with GBV survivors who speak rare languages, frontline workers will gradually build up a portfolio with the references of LCMs that an organization can contact in case of need, making sure that they have adequate training on the topic.Expanding the network of collaborators is useful to offer adequate support to the workforce but especially to GBV survivors, always with their consent. In their day-to-day work, LCMs might have to deal personally with hearing about violent experiences. In this case, before referring a GBV survivor to specialized services, LCMs are obliged to observe the guiding principles of supporting a GBV survivor and follow the PFA steps as outlined in the course module, just like any other humanitarian worker. Often LCMs may also find themself supporting other frontline workers in assisting GBV survivors as a mediator. In this case, an LCM should not forget the limitations and requirements of their role: if supporting other frontline workers, an LCM should leave them to handle the interview and provide the cultural and contextual references necessary to facilitate communication and understanding between the parties.
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Psychological First Aid (PFA) is a humane, supportive approach to helping individuals in distress. When supporting Gender-Based Violence (GBV) survivors, PFA relies on three core stages: Look, Listen, and Link Three phases of PFA are Look, Listen and Link
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services 1. Look Observe surroundings: Ensure the setting is physically and emotionally safe for both you and the survivor. Assess for harm: Check for urgent, life-threatening dangers or severe injuries requiring medical help. Spot distress: Identify signs of distress such as confusion, panic, crying, or withdrawal 2. Listen Approach carefully: Ask for consent before offering help. State your name and your intent to assist. Listen actively: Pay close attention with empathy, and do not press the survivor to share details. Validate: Assure them that they are safe, the violence was not their fault, and their feelings are normal 3. Link Identify needs: Ask the survivor what they need most in that moment (e.g., a safe place to stay, medical care). Connect to services: Share accurate information about local resources, such as medical care, counseling, and hotlines. Respect choices: Do not make decisions for the survivor. Respect their autonomy and only make referrals if they give you permission to do so
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services DO'S AND DON'TS in the successive three stages
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Guiding principles and first steps to support a child (including adolescent) survivor Mandatory reporting of suspected child abuse cases Frontline workers must always take into account the best interests of the child: The child must know what is happening to them and be given the opportunity to ask questions and receive answers they can understand.During these steps, the presence of a linguistic-cultural mediator (LCM) can provide considerable comfort. Children, particularly adolescents, should be part of the decision-making process on how to deal with mandatory reporting in the safest and most confidential way possible. This means that frontline workers should consider the child’s opinions and ideas on how to report the allegation. It doesn’t mean that the frontline worker and child can decide whether or not to make a report, but rather that they can help decide how and when to report it. Frontline workers must not make promises they can’t keep. A child might say: “I have to tell you something, but you have to promise to keep it a secret”. The child's trust has most probably already been betrayed by a person close to them. The frontline worker must let the child know that they can trust them, but they must also inform the child that they may be obliged to share some of the information they have been told to protect the child, reassuring the child that they will discuss the details together. If the child discloses that they are being abused and that they are not safe, the frontline worker must talk to the designed protection authority and the child has to understand that the frontline worker cannot keep the information confidential. All parties involved must be aware of their legal obligations, if any, and of the relevant professional codes of conduct to ensure that the child and those responsible for them are well informed about their position, their limitations, if any, and about confidentiality rules. Once the child or those responsible for the child are fully aware of the reporting obligations, the frontline worker can help the child to make informed decisions, keeping the relationship of trust intact.
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Supporting child survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) requires child-centered care anchored by four core principles: • Best Interests of the Child: All decisions must prioritize the child's safety, well-being, and development. • Right to Life, Survival, and Development: Care must empower the child to heal and reach their full potential. • Respect for the Child’s Views: Children have the right to express their feelings and participate in decisions about their lives, according to their age and maturity. • Non-discrimination: All children deserve equal, high-quality care regardless of race, gender, age, or background
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services The Caring for Child Survivors of Sexual Abuse (CCS) resources articulate the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary for Gender-Based Violence (GBV) caseworkers, Child Protection (CP) caseworkers, and other relevant service providers working with young and adolescent girl and boy survivors of sexual abuse and their families. CCS Resource Package Translation Request - GB V Responders' Network
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Linguistic and cultural mediators (LCMs) Linguistic and cultural mediators (LCMs) bridge the gap between people of different backgrounds. Unlike standard interpreters who only translate words, LCMs explain the deeper cultural meaning behind what is said. They help people access healthcare, legal systems, and social services without confusion.
Mengol Training and Consultancy Services Child-friendly language to ensure the child understands