Comprehensive Therapeutic Nutrition for Managing Common Diseases

Comprehensive Therapeutic Nutrition for Managing Common Diseases

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  Diet in Diseases TherapeuticNutrition for Common Medical Conditions Ms. Sharfunnisa S H Assistant Professor/Clinical Dietitian Department of Nutrition and Dietetics SSSMCRI
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  Diet in Diseases •Objectives At the end of this session, students will be able to: • Define therapeutic diet • Understand dietary modifications in common diseases • Identify foods to include and avoid • Explain the nurse's role in therapeutic nutrition
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  What is aTherapeutic Diet? • A therapeutic diet is a diet modified according to an individual's disease condition to promote healing and improve nutritional status. • Objectives • ✔ Prevent complications • ✔ Promote recovery • ✔ Correct nutrient deficiencies • ✔ Maintain healthy body weight • ✔ Improve quality of life
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  Obesity Abnormal or excessiveaccumulation of body fat that increases the risk of diseases. Causes • Excess calorie intake • Physical inactivity • Genetics • Hormonal disorders Symptoms • BMI ≥30 kg/m² • Breathlessness • Fatigue • Joint pain
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  Diet in Obesity •Diet Modification • ✔ Low calorie diet • ✔ High fibre • ✔ Moderate protein • ✔ Low saturated fat • ✔ Reduce sugar Include Avoid 🥗 Vegetables 🍎 Fruits 🌾 Whole grains 🥜 Nuts (small quantity) 🐟 Lean protein 🍟 Fried foods 🥤 Sugary drinks 🍰 Cakes 🍕 Fast foods
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  Diabetes Mellitus • Definition •A metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose due to insufficient insulin or insulin resistance. • Symptoms • Polyuria • Polydipsia • Polyphagia • Weight loss
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  Diabetes Mellitus • Ametabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose due to insufficient insulin or insulin resistance. Symptoms • Polyuria • Polydipsia • Polyphagia • Weight loss
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  Diet in Diabetes •Diet Modification • ✔ Controlled carbohydrate intake • ✔ High fibre • ✔ Low glycemic index foods • ✔ Small frequent meals Include Avoid Whole grains Millets Vegetables Legumes Low-fat milk Sugar Soft drinks Sweets Fruit juices Refined flour products
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  Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) •Diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels. Examples • Hypertension • Coronary artery disease • Heart failure Risk factors • Smoking • High cholesterol • Obesity • Diabetes
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  Diet in CardiovascularDisease • Diet Modification • ✔ Low saturated fat • ✔ Low cholesterol • ✔ Low sodium • ✔ High fibre Include Avoid Oats Fish Nuts Olive oil Vegetables Fruits Processed meats Butter Ghee Bakery products Pickles Salted snacks
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  Underweight • BMI below18.5 kg/m². Causes • Poor intake • Chronic illness • Eating disorders • Malabsorption Symptoms • Weight loss • Weakness • Fatigue • Low immunity
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  Diet in Underweight •Diet Modification • ✔ High calorie • ✔ High protein • ✔ Frequent meals • ✔ Nutrient-dense foods Include Avoid • Milk • Eggs • Paneer • Peanut butter • Dry fruits • Healthy oils • Banana • Skipping meals • Junk foods replacing nutritious foods
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  Renal Disease • Kidneyslose their ability to filter waste products efficiently. Symptoms • Edema • Reduced urine • Fatigue • Hypertension
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  Diet in RenalDisease • Diet Modification • ✔ Controlled protein • ✔ Low sodium • ✔ Potassium restriction (if advised) • ✔ Fluid restriction (when indicated) Include Avoid Rice Apple Cabbage Cauliflower Egg white (if permitted) Banana Orange Tomato Spinach Processed foods Extra salt
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  Hepatic Disorders • Diseasesaffecting the liver such as hepatitis, cirrhosis and fatty liver. Symptoms • Jaundice • Fatigue • Loss of appetite • Ascites
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  Diet in LiverDisease • Diet Modification • ✔ High carbohydrate • ✔ Moderate protein (unless severe encephalopathy) • ✔ Low fat (if poorly tolerated) • ✔ Vitamin supplementation Include Avoid Rice Chapati Fruits Vegetables Lean protein Curd Alcohol Deep fried foods Excess fat Highly processed foods
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  Constipation • Difficulty inpassing stools or fewer than three bowel movements per week. Causes • Low fibre • Low fluid intake • Physical inactivity • Certain medications
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  Diet in Constipation •Diet Modification • ✔ High fibre • ✔ Plenty of fluids • ✔ Regular meal timing Include Avoid Whole grains Fruits Vegetables Flaxseed Water Low fibre foods Excess processed foods Inadequate water intake
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  Diarrhoea • Passing loosewatery stools three or more times per day. Causes • Infection • Food poisoning • Drugs • Food intolerance
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  Diet in Diarrhoea •Diet Modification • ✔ Oral rehydration • ✔ Easily digestible foods • ✔ Small frequent meals Include Avoid ORS Rice Curd Banana Idli Khichdi Toast Spicy foods Fried foods Alcohol Soft drinks Excess milk (if lactose intolerance)
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  Pre- and Post-operativeDiet • Pre-operative • ✔ High protein • ✔ Balanced diet • ✔ Adequate hydration • ✔ Fasting as prescribed
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  Post-operative • Stage 1 •Clear liquids • ↓ • Full liquids • ↓ • Soft diet • ↓ • Normal diet Focus ✔ Protein ✔ Vitamin C ✔ Zinc ✔ Fluids
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  THANK YOU