Comprehensive Overview of Posterior Pituitary Gland Disorders and Hormonal Imbalances

Comprehensive Overview of Posterior Pituitary Gland Disorders and Hormonal Imbalances

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  Presented by : AYMANHAMEED (47-SPS-25)
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  DISORDERS OF POSTERIORPITUITARY GLAND :  POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND SECRETS ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE “ADH” AND “ OXYTOCIN “ HORMONE. MOST DISORDERS ARE RELATED TO “ ADH “ IMBALANCE. 1 . DIABETES INSIPIDUS (DI) : IT IS A RARE DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY THE SECREATION OF LARGE VOLUME OF DILUTE URINE.
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  CAUSES OF ADHIMBALANCE :  HEAD INJURY OR BRAIN TRAUMA  PITUITARY OR HYPOTHALAMIC TUMORS  PITUITARY SURGERY OR RADIATION  CNS INFECTION  GENETIC DEFECTS  DRUGS ( LITHIUM)  INABILITY OF RENAL TUBULE TO GIVE RESPONSE TO ADH HORMONE (NEPROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS)
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  TYPES OF DIABETESINSIPIDUS : 1. CENTRAL DIABETES INSIPIDUS  CAUSED BY LACK OF ADH SECRETION .  DUE TO DAMAGE OF HYPOTHALAMUS OR POSTERIOR PITUITARY 2. NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS  ADH IS NORMAL  KIDNEYS DON’T RESPOND TO ADH UNLIKE DIABETES INSIPIDUS,DI DOES NOT INVOLVED ELEVATED BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL.
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  SYMPTOMS OF ADH IMBALANCE: EXCESSIVE URINE OUTPUT ( POLYURIA ) EXCESSIVE THIRST ( POLYDIPSIA) DEHYDRATION DILUTE , PALE URINE DRY SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES
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  POLYURIA :  EXCRETIONOF LARGE QUANTITY OF DILUTE URINE, WITH INCREASED FREQUENCY OF VOIDING IS CALLED POLYURIC.  DAILY OUTPUT OF URINE VARIOUS BETWEEN 4 TO 12 LITRE. POLYDIPSIA :  INTAKE OF EXCESS WATER IS CALLED POLYDIPSIA. BECAUSE OF POLYURIC, LOT OF WATER IS LOSS FROM THE BODY.  IT STIMULATES THE THIRST CENTER IN HYPOTHALAMUS, RESULTING IN INTAKE OF LARE QUANTITY OF WATER.
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  SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATEADH SECRETION ( SIADH ) DEFINITION : SIADH IS A DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY LOSS OF SODIUM THROUH URINE DUE TO HYPERSECTION OF ADH . SYMPTOMS : WEIGHT LOSS MUSCLES WEAKNESS, SPASM AND CRAMPS HEADACHE VOMITIG AND NAUSEA CONFUSION ( SEVERE CASES)
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  CAUSES OF SIADH:  LUNG TUMORS  BRAIN INJURY  CERRBRAL TUMORS  LUNG CANCERS BESAUSE THE TUMOR CELLS AND CANCER CELLS SECRETE ADH. IN SEVERE CONDITIONS, THE PATIENTS DIE BECAUSE OF CONVULSIONS AND COMA.
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  OXYTOCIN OXYTOCIN IS AHORMONE PRODUCED BY HYPOTHALAMUS AND RELEASED BY POSTERIOR PITUITA.RY INVOLVED IN CHILDBIRTH AND LACTATION DEFICIENCY OF OXYTOCIN :  RARE CONDITION EFFECTS OF DYTOCIN DEFICIENCY :  WEAK UTERINE CONTRACTION DURING LABOUR  DELAYED OR DIFFICULT CHILD BIRTH  FAILURE OF MILK EJECTION
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  TREATMENT : OXYTOCININJECTION EXCESS OF OXYTOCIN :  EXCESSIVE UTERINE CONTRACTION  RISK OF UTERINE RUPTURE  REDUCE BLOOD SUPPLY TO FETUS  HYPOTENSION ( LOW BLOOD PRESSURE)
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  TREATMENT OF EXCESSOXYTOCIN : 1. STOP OXYTOCIN INFUSION IMMEDIATELY 2. SUPPORTIVE CARE MONITER BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE CORRECT WATER / ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE IF PRESENT 3. MONITER MOTHER AND FETUS CONTINUOUSLY
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  Summary Table : EXCESS DEFICENCY SIADH DIABETESINSIPIDUS ADH ADH OXYTOCIN OXYTOCIN STRONG UTERINE CONTRACTION WEEK LABOUR WATER RETENTION EXCESS URINATION EXCESS USE LOW SECRETION EXCESS ADH DEFICENCY Hormone Disorder Cause Main Effect