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Uploaded byVyankateshBhaurkar1
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Comprehensive Introduction to Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Design for Mechanical Engineering Students

Overview of electric vehicle types, components, charging methods, and safety standards tailored for third-year mechanical engineering students. This presentation covers the basics of EV, types of EV, HEV, types of HEV, EV components, their functions, construction, working principles and significance as well.

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Electric Vehicle Insights•
Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon-423603 (An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune) NAAC ‘A’ Grade Accredited, ISO 9001:2015 Certified Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject : Electric Vehicle Design Class : T.Y. Mechanical Subject Code : ME 311D Unit 2 : Introduction to Electric and Hybrid Vehicle By V. P. Bhaurkar Department of Mechanical Engineering 2026 – 27 (sem - 5)
V. P. Bhaurkar EV (T. Y. Mechanical) a) Electric Vehicle (EV) An electric vehicle is a type of vehicle that runs using electricity stored in a battery, instead of petrol or diesel. The energy stored in the battery powers an electric motor, which drives the wheels. a) Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) A BEV is a fully electric vehicle — it uses only a battery for power and has no engine or fuel tank. Example: Tata Nexon EV, Tesla Model 3 Basic Terms and Definitions in Electric Vehicles
V. P. Bhaurkar EV (T. Y. Mechanical) c) Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) An HEV has both a petrol/diesel engine and an electric motor. The vehicle can switch between the engine and motor, or use both together for better efficiency. Example: Toyota Prius d) Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) A PHEV is like a hybrid, but it has a bigger battery that can be charged by plugging into electricity. Example: Volvo XC90 Recharge Basic Terms and Definitions in Electric Vehicles
V. P. Bhaurkar EV (T. Y. Mechanical) e) Electric Motor This is the main machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical power to move the vehicle. EVs typically use motors like: 1. BLDC (Brushless DC Motor) 2. PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) 3. Induction Motor f) Battery Pack The battery pack stores electrical energy. It usually uses Lithium-ion cells and is made of many small batteries connected together to provide high voltage (e.g. 300V to 400V in cars). Basic Terms and Definitions in Electric Vehicles
V. P. Bhaurkar EV (T. Y. Mechanical) g) State of Charge (SoC) SoC tells us how much charge is left in the battery — like a fuel gauge. It is shown in percentage (%). Example: 80% SoC means the battery is 80% charged. h) Depth of Discharge (DoD) This tells us how much of the battery is used. If you use 30% of your battery, the DoD is 30%. Basic Terms and Definitions in Electric Vehicles
V. P. Bhaurkar EV (T. Y. Mechanical) i) Range This is the total distance the EV can travel on a full charge. Example: ―This EV has a range of 312 km.‖ j) Charging Charging means supplying electricity to the battery. It is done using: ➢ AC Charger (slow, at home) ➢ DC Fast Charger (fast, at public stations) Basic Terms and Definitions in Electric Vehicles
V. P. Bhaurkar EV (T. Y. Mechanical) k) Regenerative Braking This is a smart feature where the EV recovers energy while braking. The motor works in reverse to slow the car and sends energy back to the battery. l) Powertrain This refers to the whole system that makes the vehicle move — including the motor, inverter, gearbox, differential, and axles. Basic Terms and Definitions in Electric Vehicles
V. P. Bhaurkar EV (T. Y. Mechanical) m) Inverter It converts DC (from the battery) into AC (for the motor). It's like the middleman between battery and motor. n) Controller The controller is the “brain” of the EV. It manages how much power goes to the motor, when to charge, and how to protect the system. o) Torque Torque is the pulling or twisting force the motor gives to rotate the wheels. EVs are known for instant torque, giving quick acceleration. Basic Terms and Definitions in Electric Vehicles
V. P. Bhaurkar EV (T. Y. Mechanical) p) kW and kWh kW (kilowatt) is the power of the motor (like horsepower in fuel cars) kWh (kilowatt-hour) is the energy stored in the battery (More kWh = more range) q) Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) This is the charging station hardware. It includes plug, cable, safety systems, and sometimes software to monitor charging. Basic Terms and Definitions in Electric Vehicles
V. P. Bhaurkar EV (T. Y. Mechanical) 18. Standards and Safety (as per BIS/IEC/ISO) Some key EV-related standards (just briefly mentioned): AIS-038 (Battery safety standards – India) IEC 61851 – Charging system standard ISO 26262 – Functional safety in EV electronics BIS IS 17017 – Indian standard for EV charging Basic Terms and Definitions in Electric Vehicles
V. P. Bhaurkar AI and ML (T. Y. Mechanical) Thank You !