Comprehensive Introduction to Aquaculture: Science, Practices, and Careers

Comprehensive Introduction to Aquaculture: Science, Practices, and Careers

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  Introduction to Aquaculture forStudents Produced by the Division of Aquaculture - 2017
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  What is agriculture? Agricultureis the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other goods by the systematic raising of plants and animals.
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  What is aquaculture? Culturing aquatic plants and animals  Agriculture in water  Production science  Monoculture (sometimes polyculture)  Conservation and recreational fisheries management  Restoring depleted species  Supplemental stocking to increase population
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  Main categories ofaquaculture  Extensive  Little control over system  Little technology  Ancient origins  Limited by environment / food  Examples: Oysters, tilapia
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  Main categories ofaquaculture  Intensive  Highly controlled systems  Produce large quantities of fish in a small area  Very efficient production method  Limited by density and water quality
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  Examples of modernaquaculture  Fish species  Crustaceans  Shellfish  Algae (food and biofuels) rainbow trout freshwater prawns Auburn University oyster algae
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  Why is aquacultureneeded?  Increasing human population = increasing protein demand  Wild fisheries limited/declining  Increasing societal demands for seafood (health benefits)  Growth efficiency: fish vs. terrestrial animals  Conservation  Fisheries enhancement
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  Global Population Growth 500 million metric tons protein peryear We are here.
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  Wild fisheries: yield maximized •Fish are the last wild food • Global consumption of fish is greater than what the oceans can provide • Maximum Sustainable Yield = 90 million tons per year • Aquaculture is rapidly growing to meet this supply shortage Figure from: FAO 2016 90% of wild fisheries are at maximum harvest or greater
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  Problem: Capture fisheriesat maximum harvest rate Wild harvest has not increased for 30 years Aquaculture has met the increased demand for fish products. In 1950, 97% of fish were caught from the ocean. Today, only 50% of fish are caught from the ocean. Figure from: FAO 2016
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  Aquaculture will soonbe the norm Figure from: FAO 2016 By 2025, aquaculture will be the primary source of fish production and consumption worldwide! Figure from: FAO 2014 To put fish farming growth in context, as of 2013 more fish is farmed globally than beef each year!
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  Fish have muchlower Feed Conversion Ratios (FCR) than terrestrial livestock, making them much more efficient and sustainable than terrestrial animals. ~7 lb. feed produces 1 lb. meat. 1.1 lb. feed produces 1 lb. meat. Figure Credit: Malcolm Beveridge, WorldFish; Rodney Hill, University of Idaho; Robert Swick, University of New England, Australia
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  Do you knowyour cultured fishes? (Half time quiz!)
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  American Eel
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  Tilapia
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  Freshwater Prawn This isa large marine shrimp! Freshwater prawn are huge (8-10” long at harvest)!
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  Catfish
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  Cobia
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  Sea Bass
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  Sturgeon
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  Aquaculture production examples: Broodstock maintenance (pond/tank)  Production and collection of fertilized eggs  Hatching of eggs  Culture and feeding of fry  Grow-out to market size  Handling and shipping of fish Baby fish are referred to as “fry”!
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  Collecting Broodstock
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  Stripping eggs fromfemale for fertilization.
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  Broodstock Eggs Nursery Flounder Hatchery
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  Incubation and hatching ofeggs in controlled hatching jars.
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  Nursery and Growout TANKSPONDS
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  POND RACEWAY CAGE SEA PENTANK
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  PON SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE INOPEN WATER Photo credit: University of Florida IFAS Shellfish Aquaculture Extension
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  OFFSHORE CAGE CULTURE Photocredit: Monterey bay Aquarium
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  • Aquatic organismscommonly used as vertebrate models for a wide-variety of medial research. • Genomes mapped, enabling gene function studies. Medical Research Danio rerio zebrafish Oryzias latipes medaka
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  Indoor fish culture+hydroponics = Aquaponics
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  Harvest and Transportto Market Photo credit: Brain Skerry, National Geographic Photo credit: USDA
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  Careers in Aquaculture Current and Continued High Demand for College Graduates (B.S. and M.S. levels)  Hatcheries for stocking (public and private)  Commercial production for food or pond stocking  Tanks/Ponds/Raceways/Cages  Endless diversity and production techniques  Consulting  Water quality  Engineering  Nutrition and Disease  Product sales  Public aquariums  Research  Teaching  Administration (federal and state positions)
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  Aquaculture in Florida Let’stake a look at the many different aquaculture products that come from Florida.  ~750 commercial farms  2013 sales: $77.9 million  Products with the highest value of sales. 1) Ornamental fish (#1 in the nation!) 2) Shellfish (clams and oysters) 3) Alligators 4) Aquatic plants
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  Aquaculture in Florida Ornamentalfish produced in Florida...hundreds of marine and freshwater species! Too many to name them all! Blue Tang Golden Damsel Yellow Tang Angelfish Swordtail Clownfish Lemon Yellow Cichlid Bala Shark Flame tetra
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  Aquaculture in Florida Examplesof food fish produced  Tilapia  Catfish  Pompano  Cobia  Hybrid Striped Bass  Sturgeon
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  Shellfish Aquaculture inFlorida Clams Oysters Sunray Venus Considered the most sustainable protein source on the planet, shellfish remove detrimental nutrients from the coastal waters where they are grown and provide habitat to dozens of juvenile fish and invertebrate species.
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  Shrimp Aquaculture Marine shrimpare grown quickly and sustainably in large, in-door tank facilities.
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  Alligator Aquaculture Alligators area major aquaculture product
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  Aquatic Plant Aquaculture Dozensof aquatic plants species are grown
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  Aquaponics in Florida Aquaponics is the symbiotic cultivation of plants and aquatic animals.  Plants can be grown using the nutrient rich water from aquatic animal waste.  In turn, the plants return much needed oxygen to the water, allowing the animals to thrive.
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  Aquaculture Education Aquaculture isgrowing at a rapid pace, and aquaculture education plays a key role in the future of the industry and the future of food production globally. There is an increasing demand for skilled aquaculture professionals in the U.S.A. and globally. Education plays a vital role in preparing young adults for the innovations of tomorrow.
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  #thankyouandmabuhay