Comprehensive Guide to Therapeutic Diets for Various Health Conditions

Comprehensive Guide to Therapeutic Diets for Various Health Conditions

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  THERAPEUTIC DIETS MS. MAURYASONAL NURSING TUTOR
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  INTRODUCTION  It isa meal plan that controls the intake of certain foods or nutrients.  The main 4 types of therapeutic diets are:  1. Clear liquid diet  2. Low cholesterol/ low fat diet  3. Intolerance diet  4. High fiber diet  IN MOST CASES THE THERAPEUTIC DIETS ARE USED TO SUPPLEMENT THE MEDICAL OR SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PT”S, WHILE IN SOME INSTANCES LIKE DIABETES MELLITUS, A THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THE MOST ASPECT OF THE PT’S TREATMENT RATHER THE MEDICAL THERAPY.
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  DIET IN CVD Cardiovasculardiet prevents and manages heart disease by prioritizing whole, plant-based foods, lean proteins, and healthy fats while strictly limiting sodium, added sugars, and trans fat.
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  OBJECTIVE  TO RELIEVESTRAIN TO THE HEART.  TO PREVENT FURTHER DAMAGE TO THE HEART.  TO RESTORE THE DAMAGED HEART.
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  FOOD RECOMMENDED  SKIMMILK, PANEER FROM SKIM MILK.  CEREALS AND PULSES.  WHOLE GRAIN.  ALL VEGETABLES AND ALL FRUITS.  HIGH FIBER AND SOLUBLE FIBER LIKE OATS MEALS, PECTIN AND GUMS.
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  Food to beAvoided  Cholesterol rich food  Whole cream, butter, cheese  Bakery products  Egg yolk, fish  Nuts, pickels , oil seeds  Fried food  Alcohol
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  Regular Low Cholesterol& Low Fat & High Fiber Diet  Energy-1600 K cal  Fat-40 g  Protein-65g
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  DIET IN OBESITY Eat enough fruits, vegetables & whole grains while avoiding sugary snacks and processed foods.  Obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes, CVD, musculoskeletal disorders, obstructive sleep apnea and cancers.  There are four dietary regimens used in the treatment of overweight or obese persons.  (a) Low Calorie Diet (LCD)  (b) Low Fat Diet  (c) Low Carb Diet  (d) Very Low-Calorie Diet (VLCD)  The first three diets are 800-1500 kcal/day while VLCD is <800 Kcal/day.
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  NUTRITION FOR CHRONICFAILURE  Low protein & low sodium diet for chronic renal failure.  Food to be Avoided  Extra milk or milk products  Meat, poultry & fish  Dry fruits  Extra pulses, legumes, peas, beans, cereals  Cakes, biscuits, jams  Fruit & fruit juices like lemon, mango, plums  Green leafy vegetables if potassium is restricted.
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  NUTRITION IN DIABETESMELLITUS  Foods not allowed  Glucose, Sugar, Honey, all Sweets, Chocolates Food to be avoided or restricted Potatoes, mangoes, grapes, bananas, fried fruits, parathas, pakoras, dry fruits, saturated oils, jam, aroi. Food to be used freely Green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, cucumbers, lemon, black coffee and tea without sugar, butter milk, pickles without oil.
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  DIET IN CONSTIPATION Constipation is decreased frequency of passing stools or complete retention of faces.  The diet should include food rich in fiber containing whole cereals, whole legumes & mature vegetables.  Fruits rich in fibers like apple, banana, Guava  More fluids in the form of coffee, tea, fruit juices, warm water, butter milk etc.
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  DIET IN DIARRHOEA It is increased frequency of loose or watery stools. It occurs in infectious condition of colon.  Diet must include mainly fluids like oral boiled water containing electrolyte salts i.e. glucose, sodium chloride etc.  Fluids should be given quarted one hourly frequently.  Oral rehydration solution must be given.
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  DIET FOR MALNUTRITION High energy & high protein. Energy & nutrient dense foods Recipe fortification Use of supplements Examine what an individual like to eat and encourage those types of foods.
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  DIET THERAPY INHEPATITIS  It should provide 35-40 Kcal/kg. BW: by carbohydrates with restriction of fats.  If necrosis is not sever, upto 70-80 grams of protein can be given for cell regeneration.  If necrosis is severe: limited proteins to prevent ammonia accumulation in the blood.
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  FEEDING TECHNIQUES  Treatpatient with dignity & respect  Wash hands  Assure proper positioning of patient.  Feed small bites at a time.  Alternate liquids with solids.  Do not mix foods together  Record after feeding
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  FEEDING METHODS  ENTERAL ORAL  TUBE FEEDING  PARENTERAL