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Comprehensive Guide to Taxonomy and Classification of Living Organisms

Explore the six-kingdom and three-domain classification systems, taxonomy levels, and evolutionary relationships among living things, including scientific naming conventions and key biological categories.

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SCIENCE 8 TAXONOMY OF LIVING THINGS
Classification Systems CONTENT The learners learn that classification of living things shows life’s diversity. LEARNING STANDARD 1. Describe the importance of the six-kingdom system and the three-domain system of classification of living things. LEARNING COMPETENCY
I. Activating Prior Knowledge Group of related species. GENUS SPECIES One or more group (s) of natural population wherein individuals interbreed and are reproductively isolated from the other groups.
Science that deals with naming, describing, identifying and classifying organisms. TAXONOMY KINGDOM Level of classification consisting of smaller group called phyla.
Scientific study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationship. SYSTEMATICS
B. Establishing Purpose of the Lesson Let the students accomplish the activity called My Global Name. 1. LESSON PURPOSE
a. Which organisms belong to the same order? Guide Questions: (Day- 1) The cat and the dog both belong to the order Carnivora. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
b. Which organisms are closely related? Explain. Guide Questions: (Day- 1) The cat and the dog are more closely related to each other than to the other organisms listed. This is because they belong to the same order, Carnivora, which means they share more fundamental structural and functional characteristics compared to the other species. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
c. Why are there more similarities between a cat and a dog than between a dog and a human? Guide Questions: (Day- 1) The cat and the dog are more closely related to each other because they belong to the same order, Carnivora, within the class Mammalia. This means they share more fundamental structural, functional, and genetic characteristics compared to a dog and a human. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
c. Why are there more similarities between a cat and a dog than between a dog and a human? Guide Questions: (Day- 1) As mammals, cats and dogs both have features like fur, four-chambered hearts, and the ability to produce milk to feed their young. They also exhibit similar behaviors and adaptations related to being carnivorous predators. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
c. Why are there more similarities between a cat and a dog than between a dog and a human? Guide Questions: (Day- 1) In contrast, while dogs and humans are both classified as mammals, they belong to different orders - dogs are Carnivora while humans are Primates. This greater taxonomic distance means they have diverged more significantly in their evolution, resulting in more pronounced differences in physical traits, behaviors, and genetic makeup. C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
d. Which organism is different among the rest? Why? Guide Questions: (Day- 1) The organism that is most different among the rest is the Philippine Eagle. While the other organisms (milkfish, cat, dog, human) are all classified as mammals within the class Mammalia, the Philippine Eagle belongs to the class Aves (birds). C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
B. Establishing Purpose of the Lesson 2. UNLOCKING CONTENT AREA VOCABULARY B. Establishing Purpose of the Lesson 2. UNLOCKING CONTENT AREA VOCABULARY Activity 3. Where do you belong. Let the students answer the word puzzle. Class Family Genus Kingdom Name Order
A domain in biological classification is the highest taxonomic rank, which groups organisms based on fundamental differences in their cellular and genetic structure. Domain UNLOCKING CONTENT AREA VOCABULARY Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
A biological classification is one of the highest taxonomic ranks, just below the domain, used to group together all forms of life that share fundamental structural and functional characteristics. Kingdom Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Phylum is a classification level beneath kingdom and groups together organisms with similar body plans or structures, allowing scientists to further categorize and study different types of living things. Phylum Porifera (sponges), Cnidaria (jellyfish, corals), Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Nematoda (roundworms), Annelida (segmented worms), Arthropoda (insects, spiders), Mollusca (clams, snails), Echinodermata (sea stars, sea urchins), and Chordata (animals with a backbone, including humans)
Class is a classification level below phylum and groups together organisms that share even more specific characteristics. It consist of several orders. Class Mammalia (mammals), Aves (birds), and Insecta (insects)
Order is a classification level beneath class and further organizes organisms based on even more specific similarities in their characteristics and behaviors. It allows scientists to group together organisms that are more closely related. It consists of several related families. Order Carnivora (meat-eating mammals), Primates (including humans and other apes), and Rodentia (gnawing mammals like
Family is a taxonomic classification that groups together organisms with even more specific similarities, such as similar body structures and behaviors. It helps scientists categorize organisms into smaller, more closely related Family Canidae, Felidae, Ursidae, Hominidae, Muridae, Poaceae, Rosaceae
Genus consists of several related species. Genus Homo (containing various human species), Canis (including dogs and wolves), and Panthera (containing lions and tigers)
A species is the most specific level of organism classification in biological taxonomy, representing a group of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in natural conditions. Members of a species share common characteristics and genetic similarities. Species Homo sapiens (humans) Felis catus (domestic cats) Escherichia coli (E. coli bacteria)
a unique, two-part name given to each species of organism. It consists of the genus name (the first part) the first letter is written in capital letter and the species name (the second part) this is written in lowercase letter , both written in Latin and italicized. This naming system, known as binomial nomenclature, allows scientists worldwide to communicate effectively about specific organisms. Scientific name
QUIZ
1. Which is the highest taxonomic rank in biological classification? A. Kingdom B. Domain C. Phylum D. Class
2. Which of the following is not an example of a domain? A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Eukarya D. Plantae
3. The kingdom Plantae belongs to which taxonomic rank above it? A. Domain B. Phylum C. Class D. Order
4. Which phylum includes animals with a backbone? A. Arthropoda B. Mollusca C. Chordata D. Annelida
5. Mammalia, Aves, and Insecta are examples of which taxonomic rank? A. Order B. Class C. Family D. Genus
6. Which of the following is an example of an order that includes humans? A. Carnivora B. Primates C. Rodentia D. Felidae
7. The family Hominidae belongs to which taxonomic rank above it? A. Class B. Order C. Genus D. Phylum
8. In the scientific name Homo sapiens, the word Homo represents the: A. Class B. Species C. Genus D. Family
9. Which statement about species is correct? A. Species can include organisms that cannot interbreed. B. Species represent the most specific classification level. C. Species is ranked just above genus. D. Species names are always written in capital letters.
10. In binomial nomenclature, the correct way to write a scientific name is: A. homo Sapiens B. Homo Sapiens C. Homo sapiens D. Homo sapiens
Reference : •SCIENCE 8 LESSON EXEMPLAR ●II. LEARNING RESOURCES ● Bailey, R. (2024, May 19). The 6 kingdoms of life. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/six-kingdoms-of-life-373414 ● Building the tree of life. (n.d.). https://www.etsu.edu/uschool/faculty/tadlockd/documents/bio_chpt18sec3show.pdf ● Libretexts. (2023, August 31). 1.3: Classification - The three domain system. Biology LibreTexts. https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Kaiser)/ Unit_1%3A_Introduction_to_Microbiology_and_Prokaryotic_ Cell_Anatomy/1%3A_Fundamentals_of_Microbiology/1.3%3A_Classification_- _The_Three_Domain_System ● Practical Science 8. (2018). 4/F SEDCCO 1 Bldg. 120 Thailand corner Legazpi Streets: DIWA Learning Systems INC.