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Comprehensive Grade 10 Science Lesson on Evolution and Natural Selection

Detailed lesson exemplar for Grade 10 Science covering evolutionary change, natural selection, and key concepts like variation, heredity, and adaptation.

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Lesson Exemplar for Science Week 3 10 Quarter 4
Lesson Exemplar for Science Grade 10 Quarter 4: Week 3 (Lesson 3) SY 2026-2027 This material is intended exclusively for the use of teachers participating in the pilot implementation of the MATATAG K to 10 Curriculum during the School Year 2025-2026. It aims to assist in delivering the curriculum content, standards, and lesson competencies. Any unauthorized reproduction, distribution, modification, or utilization of this material beyond the designated scope is strictly prohibited and may result in appropriate legal actions and disciplinary measures. Borrowed content included in this material are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been made to locate and obtain permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and development team do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information provided in this material. For inquiries or feedback, please write or call the Office of the Director of the Bureau of Learning Resources via telephone numbers (02) 8634-1072 and 8631-6922 or by email at blr.od@deped.gov.ph. Development Team Writer: • Kristine N. Busmion (Silliman University) Validator: • PNU RITQ Development Team Management Team Philippine Normal University Research Institute for Teacher Quality SiMERR National Research Centre
1 SCIENCE/QUARTER 4/GRADE 10 (Week 3) I. CURRICULUM CONTENT, STANDARDS, AND LESSON COMPETENCIES A. Content Standards A. Evolutionary change is the heritable change in populations and species over time. B. Natural selection is the mechanism by which species adjust to their surroundings through evolutionary changes. C. The important concepts associated with the theories of evolution include variation, heredity, isolation, selection, and adaptation. B. Performance Standards By the end of the Quarter, learners describe and discuss in small groups that natural selection is the driving mechanism of evolutionary change. C. Learning Competencies and Objectives Use information from secondary sources to describe natural selection as the primary mechanism driving evolutionary change. ● Evolutionary change is the heritable change in populations and species over time. ● Natural selection is the mechanism by which species adjust to their surroundings through evolutionary changes. ● The important concepts associated with the theories of evolution include variation, heredity, isolation, selection, and adaptation. D. Content Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection proposes that organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those advantageous traits to future generations, leading to gradual changes in the species over time. E. Integration Recognize evolution’s significance as a cornerstone of biology.
2 II. LEARNING RESOURCES Adaptation - Google Search. (n.d.). Google. Retrieved June 26, 2024, from https://www.google.com/search?q=adaptation Centre, U. W. H. (n.d.). Galápagos Islands. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1/ Doña, R. N. A., et al. (2019). Science in everyday living. Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc. Julian-Tañada, et al. (2024). Science Links 10 (1st ed.). Rex Book Store, Inc. National Geographic Society. (2022, August 1). Natural selection. National Geographic. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/natural-selection/ New England Complex Systems Institute. (2020, January 6). New England Complex Systems Institute. https://necsi.edu/ Practical Science 10. (2018). Practical science 10. Diwa Learning Systems, Inc. Selection. (2019, October 7). Biology Online. https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/selection III. TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCEDURE NOTES TO TEACHERS A. Activating Prior Knowledge Short Review Theories of Evolution Word Search: Using a Word Search Puzzle, the students will search for concepts related to the theories of evolution, and will match the concepts to the theories. The lesson will start with a Word Search Puzzle that the students will answer. After searching for the term, the students will match the concepts to the theories. This activity allows the learners to recall the concept of Evolution.
3 Question: What is the reason why living things survive in their natural habitats? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ KWL Chart: Using the graphic organizer, the students will recall their prior knowledge about Evolution. The learners will only answer What I Know and What I Want to Know columns at this point. https://www.canva.com/design/DAGHzMlJIas/jpyB0xKQ17qNkWKKGD3g8A/edit Key: Today’s diverse life on Earth is a result of the ongoing evolution that started billions of years ago. At this point, the students already have an idea of what the lesson is all about. Using the graphic organizer, the students will write what they know, and what they want to know. This KWL Chart will be revisited at the end of the lesson to answer the column on what they have learned about the different concepts and hope to learn more in the future.
4 B. Establishing Lesson Purpose 1. Lesson Purpose The students will read the article on Natural Selection. In groups, students will describe the following terms used in natural selection, based on prior knowledge. Source: Canva Picture Analysis The lesson proper will start with the understanding of Natural Selection based on the material: https://education.national geographic.org/resource/n atural-selection/ This activity will be done collaboratively emphasizing on the theory of natural selection. Key: Evolution is a developmental process by which all organisms progress from earlier forms of living things. So, animal evolution is greatly influenced by plant evolution. All placental mammals (one of the 3 groups) alive today share a common ancestor that lived somewhere between 100 million years ago and 65 million years ago. Direct and indirect evidence show that living Source: https://www.tourhq.com/tours/86467/8- day-wildlife-and-safari-expedition- through-tanzania-s-national-parks Source: https://iucnsos.org/projects/the-impact- of-the-mauritius-fruit-bat-pteropus-niger-on- commercial-fruit-farms-and-possible-mitigation- methods/
5 Questions: 1. Do the organisms shown above belong to one group of animals? Why do you 2. think so? 3. Do you think these organisms evolved from a common ancestor? Briefly support your answer. things today are products of a very long process of change. Evolutionary change is the heritable change in populations and species over time. Students will watch a video http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1 /. Source: https://www.nemtforest.org/nature- notes/eastern-chipmunk Source: https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/spinner- dolphin-gm903018736-249065691
6 C. Developing and Deepening Understanding 1. Explicitation Charles Darwin, an English naturalist who proposed the theory of evolution known as natural selection, was impressed by the diversity of animals in the Galapagos Islands, particularly the different sizes and shapes of the finches’ beaks. 2. Worked Example Observing the Beaks of Finches There is a variety of finches found in the A B Galapagos Islands, volcanic islands in the Pacific Ocean. These finches differ in the shape andsize of their beaks. In 1977, the islands experienced drought which resulted into a decrease of the finch C D population in the islands by 85%. This is due to decrease of food. Observe the beaks in the photo. Determine the feeding pattern of each beak and predict which would most likely survive in the drought. Questions: 1. Which will accommodate the following feeding patterns? Identify the type of beak. a. mixed diet of small insects and seeds __________ b. crushing hard and large seeds __________ c. probing cactus flowers and fruits __________ The development of the topic will start with the concept that ● Natural selection is the mechanism by which species adjust to their surroundings through evolutionary changes. ● The theory explains that originating from one common ancestor still results in biological modifications that will preserve characteristics which are necessary for the survival and adaptation of species to its habitat. ● Charles Darwin developed the theory by examining the anatomical and physiological structures of the organisms he had carefully observed. With this close examination he realized that organisms develop characteristics as adaptive mechanisms, and that these are built- in traits essential to their survival. Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/charles- darwins-finches-1224472
7 2. Which type of beak would have been best to allow the bird to survive the drought? 3. Where did you base your observations? Lesson Activity I Will Survive The students collaboratively discuss in small groups important concepts in the theories of evolution. Source: Canva Natural Selection includes the following concepts: 1. Organisms within a population of species exhibit individual genetic variations. Each member has unique characteristics and these are passed down to the next generations for natural selection to occur. 2. The struggle for survival among organisms within the same kind means they have to compete for food and other resources. As a result of this, others are eliminated in the process. 3. Organisms within a population have different changes of reproduction and survival. Key: 1. Variation: The
8 differences between the characters or traits among the individuals of the same species are called variations. 2. Heredity: The transfer of characters or traits from the parents to their offsprings is called heredity. 3. Isolation means that organisms of the same species are separated, and happens when there is something between the organisms that they can't cross. Organisms become isolated as a result of environmental change. The cause of isolation can be gradual, like when mountains or deserts form, or continents split apart. It can also be quick, such as organisms being blown to different places by a storm or tsunami. 4. Selection- means placing organisms under conditions where
9 the growth of those with a particular genotype will be favored. 5. Adaptation: The biological mechanism by which organisms adjust to new environments or to changes in their current environment. D. Making Generalizations 1. Learners’ Takeaways KWL Chart: Using the graphic organizer, the students will answer the What I Learned and What I hope to learn more columns. https://www.canva.com/design/DAGHzMlJIas/jpyB0xKQ17qNkWKKGD3g8A/edit 2. Reflection on Learning One Minute Paper: Using the graphic organizer, reflect on your learning by creating a one-minute paper by answering the questions. Towards the end of the lesson, the students will revisit the KWL Chart to map the conceptual change. It allows the learners to identify their takeaways of the lesson. The students, at this point, will reflect on their learning by answering the one-minute paper. This will allow them to map what are
10 the meaningful things they have learned, the questions they still have, and anything they did not understand. IV. EVALUATING LEARNING: FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT AND TEACHER’S REFLECTION NOTES TO TEACHERS E. Evaluating Learning 1. Formative Assessment Multiple Choice. Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. _____ 1. Which scientist is most closely associated with the theory of evolution by natural selection? A) Gregor Mendel B) Louis Pasteur C) Charles Darwin D) Isaac Newton _____ 2. What is the main mechanism by which evolution occurs, according to Darwin's theory? A) Genetic drift B) Mutation Teachers may encourage learners to have a quiz notebook to monitor learners’ academic progress. The quiz notebook may also serve as homework notebook. Key: 1. C) Charles Darwin 2. C) Natural selection 3. C) Arm of a human and wing of a bat
11 C) Natural selection D) Gene flow _____ 3. Which of the following is an example of a homologous structure? A) Wings of a butterfly and wings of a bird B) Fins of a shark and fins of a dolphin C) Arm of a human and wing of a bat D) Eye of a squid and eye of a human _____ 4. What does the term "survival of the fittest" refer to in the context of evolution? A) The largest and strongest individuals always survive B) The individuals best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce C) Only the individuals with the most offspring survive D) The individuals that live the longest are the most fit _____ 5. What is the significance of the fossil record in understanding evolution? A) It provides evidence of the chronological order of species development B) It disproves the theory of natural selection C) It shows that all species were created simultaneously D) It is unrelated to the study of evolution 4. B) The individuals best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce 5. A) It provides evidence of the chronological order of species development F. Teacher’s Remarks Note observations on any of the following areas: Effective Practices Problems Encountered The teacher may take note of some observations related to the effective practices and problems encountered after utilizing the different strategies, materials used, the earner strategies explored
12 materials used engagement and other related stuff. Teachers may also suggest ways to improve the different activities explored. learner engagement/ interaction Others G. Teacher’s Reflection Reflection guide or prompt can be on: ▪ principles behind the teaching What principles and beliefs informed my lesson? Why did I teach the lesson the way I did? ▪ students What roles did my students play in my lesson? What did my students learn? How did they learn? ▪ ways forward What could I have done differently? What can I explore in the next lesson? Teacher’s reflection in every Lesson conducted/facilitated is essential and necessary to improve practice. You may also consider this as an input for the LAC/Collab sessions.