COMFORT
• Comfort isa phase of every procedure as it is an
aspect of the total care of the patient.
• Various comfort devices are used for giving
comfort to the patient, such as pillows, back
rest, footrest, bed block, bed cradles, sand bags,
air cushion, rubber and cotton rings, air and
water mattress and knee rest.
3.
DEFINITION
• Comfort isdefined as the state of well-being and
freedom from any irritating stimuli such as pain,
anxiety, tension, etc. that may distract one’s attention
from the work in hand or deviate person from normal
health.
• Discomfort is defined as want of comfort or ease due to
pain or annoyance.
• Comfort devices are invented articles which would add
to the comfort of the patient when used in the
appropriate manner, by relieving the discomfort and
helping to maintain correct posture.
• 1.PILLOWS 9.SANDBAGS
•2. BACK REST 10.SIDE RAILS
• 3. BED CRADLE 11. WEDGE/ABDUCTOR PILLOW
• 4. CARDIAC TABLE 12. KNEE REST
• 5. MATTRESSES 13.BED BLOCKS
• 6. TRAPEZE BAR 14. AIR CUSHION
• 7. FOOTBOARD 15. RUBBER & COTTON RINGS
• 8.TROCHANTER ROLL 16. Hand rolls
8.
PILLOWS
Purposes :
• Usedfor support to maintain correct body
alignment.
• Used under head , arms , legs & along spine or
abdomen to provide comfort.
9.
BACK REST
• Supportpatient’s back at an angle ,
so that he may maintain a sitting
position.
• Can be adjusted to desired angle.
• Extra pillows are needed.
• Arms of patient are well supported.
• Used for pts suffering with cardiac
& pulmonary distress.
10.
BED CRADLE
• Itis a frame used to hold the bed
linen from touching the pt.
Cradle is a semicircular / rectangular
frame of metal.
May be made of wood or bamboo.
PURPOSES:
• To prevent pressure from the weight of linen.
• To allow air to circulate around lower limbs.
11.
CARDIAC TABLE
• Bedtable placed in front with a pillow
on it, patient can lean forward & take rest.
• Table without pillow is used for writing & meals.
• Used for pts with cardiac conditions & asthma.
• Position should be changed to relieve fatigue.
PURPOSES:
• Patient can rest over the table with the
help of pillow.
• Helps to take meals & in writing.
PURPOSES:
• To providecomfort
• Used for very thin and very obese patients and those who
are prone to pressure sores.
14.
TRAPEZE BAR
• Baris suspended from an overhead
frame to head of bed.
PURPOSES:
Patient can grasp the bar to raise the trunk
off the bed surface or to move up in bed.
15.
FOOT BOARD
• Devicethat is placed towards the foot
of pts bed to serve as support for his feet
Usually made up of wood/plastic/heavy
Canvas.
PURPOSES:
• To support patients feet
• To prevent foot drop.
16.
TROCHANTER ROLL
A cottonbath blanket/sheet is folded
lengthwise to width extending from greater
trochanter of femur to lower border of
popliteal space.
PURPOSES:
Prevent external rotation of legs when
patient is in supine position.
17.
SAND BAGS
They aresand filled plastic bags that
can be shaped to body contours
Can be used in place of or in addition
to trochanter rolls
PURPOSES:
Provide support & shape to body
Immobilize extremities & maintain
specific body alignment.
18.
SIDE RAILS
• Railsare the bars positioned along
the sides of the length of the bed
PURPOSES:
Ensure patient’s safety & are useful for
increasing mobility
Provide assistance in rolling from side
to side or sitting up in bed
19.
WEDGE ABDUCTOR PILLOW
•It is a triangular shaped pillow made
of heavy foam
PURPOSES:
Used to maintain legs in abduction
following Total Hip Replacement Surgery.
20.
KNEE REST
• Thisis a device placed under the
knees to provide comfort.
PURPOSES:
This gives relaxation and thus relieves
pain on tendons beneath the knees.
21.
BED BLOCKS
• Madeup of wood or metal.
PURPOSES:
These are used to raise the foot end or
head end of the bed.
22.
AIR CUSHION
• Aircushions are made up of rubber
and it can be inflated with air
PURPOSES:
Used to take off the weight of the body and
to relieve pressure on certain
parts of the body.
23.
RUBBER & COTTONRINGS
• These are circular rings made of
rubber or cotton.
PURPOSES:
These are used to relieve pressure on
certain parts of the body like elbow
and heels.
24.
HAND ROLLS
• Madeby folding a washcloth in half,
rolling in lengthwise & securing roll with tape.
Roll is placed against palmar surface of hand.
Purposes:
Maintain thumb in slightly adducted & in
opposition to fingers.
Maintain fingers in slightly flexed position.
DEFINITION
Bed making isa procedure or technique in which
different types of beds are prepared to make the
patient comfortable according to the situations and
procedures.
27.
PURPOSES OF BEDMAKING
•To provide the patient with a safe and comfortable bed.
• To promote rest and sleep
• To provide the unit or ward a neat appearance
• To prevent micro organisms to come in contact with patient, thus
minimize the source of infection.
• To adapt to the needs of the client
• To economize time, material and effort
• To prevent bedsores
• To establish an effective nurse-patient relationship
28.
CONT….
• To provideactive and passive exercises
• To observe the client ( eg, oral hygiene, ability of self care,
presence of bed sore etc.)
• To promote cleanliness
• To prevent injuries
• To dispose the soiled linen appropriately
• To develop skill in maintaining body mechanics for the nurse
• To help relatives to learn the patient care at home.
29.
TYPES OF BED
1.Simple bed or unoccupied bed.
- Close bed(Admission bed),
- Open bed
- Post-operative bed/ recovery bed/anesthetic bed
2. Occupied bed
3. Special beds
- Cardiac bed - Operation bed
- Fowler’s bed - Blanket bed
- Fracture bed - Therapeutic bed
- Amputation bed/stump bed/divided bed
30.
• Closed Bed:
It is an empty bed, which is not
occupied by any patient.
After the admission of patient
closed bed is converted to open bed.
31.
• Admission bed
Thebed is made as an open bed, the
client gets into the bed after thorough
bath and changing into hospital dress.
32.
• Open bed:
This bed is about to be occupied
by a new client or an ambulatory
client.
33.
• Occupied bed
Thisbed is for those client who
cannot move out of the bed.
• Operation bed/ post anesthesia bed/
Recovery bed :
This bed is for those clients who is getting
recovered from the effect of anesthesia.
34.
• Cardiac bed:
This kind of bed help the client to attain
a sitting position with least strain and
also help to relieve dyspnea.
• Fracture bed :
This bed is prepared for client with fracture.
It provides support to the fractured part
using a firm mattress which rest on fracture
board or bed board.
35.
• Amputation bed/stumpbed :
This bed helps to take off the weight
of the bed linen on the amounted part.
• Burn bed :
It consists of a long bed cradle which
takes of bed linen weight from all over
the body.
36.
PRINCIPLES OF BEDMAKING
1.Micro organisms are found every where on the skin,
on the articles used by the patient and in the
environment. The nurse takes care to prevent the
transfer of micro organisms from source to the new
host by direct or indirect contact or prevent the
multiplication of organisms.
37.
ACTIONS TO PREVENTINFECTION:
• The nurse washes her hands before and after bed making
to protect the patient and herself from cross infection.
• Bed clothes are changed frequently to ensure
cleanliness.
• When removing the bed linen, care to be taken not to
drop them on the floor.
• Shake the linen gently to remove the dust. Flapping the
bed clothes cause air motion and thus cause transference
of bacteria along with the dust.
• Linen should be folded and held away from the nurse to
prevent direct contact with the microorganisms.
38.
• Dusting andthorough cleaning of the patient’s bed and
the unit daily and keep them free from infection.
• Dry dusting raises dust. Damp dusting is recommended.
• Do not interchange the patient linen.
• Nurses with respiratory infection should not attend the
patient
• Clean from less contaminated area to more contaminated
area.
• Clean the bed first before cleaning the locker.
• Maintain reasonable distance from patient face to
prevent droplet infection.
39.
PRINCIPLES OF BEDMAKING
2. A safe and comfortable bed will ensure rest & sleep
and prevent several complications among bed ridden
patients. ( Eg., Bed sores, foot drop etc.)
Action to take
- The nurse should make sure that the bed is wrinkle free and
smooth to prevent bed sore due to friction between the skin
and the mattress or wrinkled sheets.
- Pull the bottom sheet tightly so that there are no wrinkles.
- The linen is tucked far enough under the mattress, keep it
fixed, tight and smooth.
- Make sure the mattress remains flat and even with the corners
firm and square.
40.
• Remove unwantedwaste like cotton to avoid discomfort for
the patient.
• Do not keep any wet linen on the bed.
• Daily dusting should be done to remove any food waste or
hospital waste like gauze, needles, cotton etc.)
• Expose the mattress and pillow to sunlight and aeration to
keep them fresh.
• A bed should have enough space for free moving of the
patient to prevent bed sore, stimulate circulation and to
maintain muscle tone.
• Use comfortable devices to provide additional comfort to
the patient.
41.
PRINCIPLES OF BEDMAKING
3. Good body mechanics maintain the body alignment
and prevents fatigue.
Action to take
- Maintain good body alignment when bed making (avoid
bending, twisting, stretching)
- Use large muscles rather than back muscles.
- Work smoothly and rhythmically- 2 people can make beds
together to save time and effort.
- If possible raise the bed height to avoid bending and
back strain.
42.
PRINCIPLES OF BEDMAKING
4. Client safety and comfort
Action to take
1. Ensure that the locks of the bed are on.
2. Ensure the height of the bed is adjusted to its proper
height after the bed making.
3. Make sure the bedside rails are on.
4. Avoid areas of potential pressure on the bed.
5. Promote comfort by having wrinkle free and bed free
from rough areas, creases, food crumbs and foreign
bodies.
43.
PRINCIPLES OF BEDMAKING
5. Systematic ways of functioning saves time,
energy and material
Action to take
1. Assemble all articles and arrange them conveniently
before staring the procedure.
2. Arrange the linen in reverse order.
3. When stripping the bed, remove the bed linen one by one
holding the open end towards the floor.
4. The bed sheets are folded in such a way that it can be
replaced easily.
44.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FORBED
MAKING
1. Wash hands before and after the procedure.
2. Do not expose the patient unnecessarily.
3. Protect the patient from draught.
4. Do not cover the patient’s face while placing the linen
5. Do not mix clean linen with soiled linen
6. Never place the woolen blanket directly on the patient body except for
blanket bed
7. Always get extra help to make bed for helpless patients and to prevent
them from falling.
45.
8. Never allowthe patient to lie down on mackintosh directly.
9. Do not let the linen touch your body or uniform.
10. Maintain good body mechanics.
11. Make the bed firm, smooth and wrinkle free.
12. Practice economy of time, energy and material.
13. Do not shake dirty linen to prevent germs spread around the room.
14. Maintain privacy while making occupied bed making
46.
15. Inspect cot,mattress and pillows daily for presence of vermins, and
destroy them.
16. Expose the mattress and pillow for sunlight when needed.
17. Make adaptations according to weather, climate changes, individual
needs, customs and habits.
18. Ensure patient safety and comfort during the procedure.
19. The nursing principles such as individuality, comfort, safety and good
relationship should be maintained.
48.
Preparation of thearticles for bed making
procedure –
• 1. Cot
• 2. Mattress and pillow
• 3. Chair or stool
• 4. Bedside table
• 5. Mackintosh
• 6. Blanket
• 7. Mattress cover
• 8. Top sheet and bottom sheet
• 9. Draw sheet
• 10. Pillowcase
• 11. Counterpane
• 12. Laundry bag
• 13. Dusters
49.
STEPS OF BEDMAKING PROCEDURE -
1. Wash hands.
2. Remove the pillow and place it on the chair.
3. Remove the top linen.
4. Fold the draw sheet. Bring the opposite end to the middle of the bed and fold them into
three. Place it over the chair.
5. Roll the mackintosh and place it on the chair.
6. Remove the bottom sheet and the soiled mattress cover.
7. Dust the mattress with a dry duster.
8. Place the bottom sheet on the mattress and tuck it securely at the top on the near
side.
9. Make a mitered corner and tuck at the foot end. Tuck the sheet along the sides.
10. Place the mackintosh nearly 37 cm from the head and tuck it along the sides.
11. Place the top sheet.
12. Place the blanket over the top sheet 15 to 20 cm below the top of the mattress.
13. Put the pillowcase on the pillow and place the pillow at the head end.
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