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Chapter-3-Tissues-in-Action/9th class science Exploation new ncert: By:K Sandeep Swamy(M.Sc,B.Ed) For Online Classes (IITJEE & NEET/ foundation /academics) contact : 9491878325 Subscribe Samyans Eduhub youtube channel

Chapter 3: Tissues in Action Class 9 Science — Study & Revision Presentation Chapter 3: Tissues in Action/9th clas Class 9 Sc p Swamy(M.Sc,B.Ed) For Online Classes (IITJEE & NEET/ foundation /academics) contact : 9491878325 Subscribe Samyans Eduhub youtube channel What is a Tissue? A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function. This division of labour increases efficiency and enables complex life processes. Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism Muscle Tissue Enables voluntary and involuntary movement throughout the body Nervous Tissue Carries electrical messages between brain and body Why Are Plant and Animal Tissues Different? Plants Fixed in place — need rigid cell walls for support Use photosynthesis for nutrition Growth confined to specific meristematic zones Animals Mobile — flexible cells (no rigid wall) allow locomotion Digest food from external sources Growth spread throughout the body These structural differences explain why plant and animal tissues are classified and studied separately. Chapter 1 Plant Tissues From actively dividing meristems to specialised permanent tissues — explore how plants grow, support themselves, and transport nutrients. Meristematic Tissue — The Growth Tissue Meristematic cells are actively dividing and responsible for all plant growth. Small, thin-walled cells with large nucleus and dense cytoplasm No vacuoles — allows rapid cell division Tightly packed with little or no intercellular space Three types: Apical, Lateral, Intercalary Apical Meristem — Growth in Length Located at the tips of roots and shoots Responsible for increase in height of stem and depth of roots Cells divide rapidly in one direction, pushing the tip further Experiment: Cutting onion root tips stops further growth — proving roots grow only from their tips. Lateral Meristem — Growth in Girth Located along the circumference of stems in a ring Divides to produce new cells inside and outside — increases stem diameter Annual growth rings in tree trunks are formed by lateral meristem activity Counting growth rings reveals the age of a tree and past climatic conditions Intercalary Meristem — Regrowth After Cutting Located at the base of internodes or just above nodes Helps plants regenerate after being cut or grazed Explains why grass grows back after mowing When stem tip is cut, new branches arise from nodes due to intercalary meristem activity Differentiation & Permanent Tissues Meristematic cells that lose the ability to divide undergo differentiation, becoming specialised for support, transport, or storage. Permanent tissues are either Simple (one cell type) or Complex (more than one cell type). Epidermis — Protective Tissue Outer Layer Single layer of flat, rectangular, tightly packed cells. Covered by a waxy cuticle — reduces water loss and protects against injury and parasites Root Hairs Extensions of epidermal cells that increase

Education◦
Chaéčeñ 3: Tuÿÿěeÿ u± Acču¿± Class 9 Science 4 Study & Revision Presentation 9th class science Exploation new ncert: By:K Sandeep Swamy(M.Sc,B.Ed) For Online Classes (IITJEE & NEET/ foundation /academics) contact : 9491878325 Subscribe Samyans Eduhub youtube channel
Whač uÿ a Tuÿÿěe? A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function. This division of labour increases efficiency and enables complex life processes. Cells ³Tissues ³ Organs ³Organ Systems ³Organism Měÿcše Tuÿÿěe Enables voluntary and involuntary movement throughout the body Neñļ¿ěÿ Tuÿÿěe Carries electrical messages between brain and body
Whō Añe Pša±č a±d A±u«aš Tuÿÿěeÿ Duffeñe±č? ž Pša±čÿ Fixed in place 4 need rigid cell walls for support Use photosynthesis for nutrition Growth confined to specific meristematic zones A±u«ašÿ Mobile 4 flexible cells (no rigid wall) allow locomotion Digest food from external sources Growth spread throughout the body These structural differences explain why plant and animal tissues are classified and studied separately.
CHAPTER 1 Plant Tissues From actively dividing meristems to specialised permanent tissues 4 explore how plants grow, support themselves, and transport nutrients.
Meñuÿče«ačuc Tuÿÿěe 4 The Gñ¿Łčh Tuÿÿěe Meristematic cells are actively dividing and responsible for all plant growth. Small, thin-walled cells with large nucleus and dense cytoplasm No vacuoles 4 allows rapid cell division Tightly packed with little or no intercellular space Three types: Apical, Lateral, Intercalary
Aéucaš Meñuÿče« 4 Gñ¿Łčh u± Le±gčh L¿cačed ač čhe čuéÿ ¿f ñ¿¿čÿ a±d ÿh¿¿čÿ Responsible for increase in height of stem and depth of roots Cells divide rapidly in one direction, pushing the tip further Ó Experiment: Cutting onion root tips stops further growth 4 proving roots grow only from their tips.
Lačeñaš Meñuÿče« 4 Gñ¿Łčh u± Guñčh L¿cačed aš¿±g čhe cuñcě«feñe±ce ¿f ÿče«ÿ u± a ñu±g Divides to produce new cells inside and outside 4 increases stem diameter Annual growth rings in tree trunks are formed by lateral meristem activity Counting growth rings reveals the age of a tree and past climatic conditions
I±čeñcašañō Meñuÿče« 4 Regñ¿Łčh Afčeñ Cěčču±g L¿cačed ač čhe baÿe ¿f u±čeñ±¿deÿ ¿ñ Šěÿč ab¿ļe ±¿deÿ Helps plants regenerate after being cut or grazed Explains why grass grows back after mowing When stem tip is cut, new branches arise from nodes due to intercalary meristem activity
Differentiation Permanent Tissues Permanent Tissue Differentiati on Division Meristematic cells that lose the ability to divide undergo differentiation, becoming specialised for support, transport, or storage. Permanent tissues are either Simple (one cell type) or Complex (more than one cell type).
Epidermis 4 Protective Tissue Outer Layer Single layer of flat, rectangular, tightly packed cells. Covered by a waxy cuticle 4 reduces water loss and protects against injury and parasites Root Hairs Extensions of epidermal cells that increase surface area for water and mineral absorption from soil Stomata Pores in leaves for gaseous exchange and transpiration 4 open and close depending on environmental conditions
Su«éše Peñ«a±e±č Tuÿÿěeÿ 4 Sěéé¿ñču±g Tuÿÿěeÿ Pañe±chō«a Living cells, thin walls, intercellular spaces 4 stores food; forms air spaces in aquatic plants C¿šše±chō«a Living cells, unevenly thickened corners (pectin) 4 provides flexibility; allows stems and tendrils to bend Scšeñe±chō«a Dead cells, thick lignified walls 4 provides hardness (coconut husk, walnut shell, seed coats)
C¿«éšeŊ Peñ«a±e±č Tuÿÿěeÿ 4 Xōše« Phš¿e« Ü Xōše« Transports water and minerals from roots upward; also provides mechanical strength. Tracheids Vessels (dead, hollow) Xylem Parenchyma 4 only living part Xylem Fibres (support) ë Phloem transports food (sugars) from leaves to all parts. Components: sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, phloem fibres.
Thñee Pša±č Tuÿÿěe Sōÿče«ÿ 1 Deñ«aš Tuÿÿěe Sōÿče« Outer covering (epidermis); protects inner parts and reduces water loss 2 Gñ¿ě±d Tuÿÿěe Sōÿče« Main body between dermal and vascular tissues; includes parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma 3 Vaÿcěšañ Tuÿÿěe Sōÿče« Conducting tissues 4 xylem and phloem
CHAPTER 2 Animal Tissues Explore the four major animal tissue types 4 how they line, support, move, and coordinate the animal body.
Eéučhešuaš Tuÿÿěe 4 Lu±u±g Pñ¿čecču¿± Epithelial tissue forms the outer covering (skin) and lines internal organs such as mouth, lungs, and intestine. Closely packed cells with very little space 4 prevents germ entry Reduces water loss from the body Five functions: Exchange · Protection · Secretion · Sensory · Absorption
Tōéeÿ ¿f Eéučhešuaš Tuÿÿěe 1 EŊcha±ge Single layer of thin flat cells 4 lining of blood vessels and lungs 2 Pñ¿čecču¿± Many layers of flat, tightly packed cells 4 skin, mouth, oesophagus 3 Secñeču¿± Cuboidal/columnar cells 4 salivary glands, sweat glands, stomach lining 4 Se±ÿ¿ñō Ciliated cells 4 nostrils, taste buds, inner ear 5 Abÿ¿ñéču¿± Tall pillar-like cells with microvilli 4 lining of small intestine
Connective Tissue 4 Connecting Supporting Blood Fluid matrix (plasma 55%); RBCs carry O¢, WBCs fight infection, platelets clot blood Bone Rigid matrix of calcium and phosphorus 4 gives strength and support to the body Cartilage Soft jelly-like matrix 4 provides flexibility and cushioning at joints
Tendons Ligaments Tendons Connect muscles to bones; transmit muscle contraction force to produce movement. Strong, cord-like structures with limited flexibility. Ligaments Connect bone to bone; provide stability at joints, limit excess movement and prevent dislocation. Elastic and tough. Both tendons and ligaments are types of connective tissue with different matrix compositions suited to their roles.
Měÿcěšañ Tuÿÿěe 4 Thñee Tōéeÿ S‘ešečaš (V¿šě±čañō) Long, cylindrical, multinucleate, striated 4 attached to skeleton; controls conscious movements like running and writing S«¿¿čh (I±ļ¿šě±čañō) Spindle-shaped, single nucleus, no striations 4 found in stomach and intestines; slow, continuous movements Cañduac Cylindrical, branched, single nucleus, faint striations 4 only in heart; beats rhythmically without fatigue
Neñļ¿ěÿ Tuÿÿěe 4 C¿±čñ¿š C¿¿ñdu±aču¿± The B¿dō'ÿ C¿««ě±ucaču¿± NečŁ¿ñ‘ Nervous tissue forms the body's control and coordination network. The brain acts as the control centre, processing all information. Cells called neurons 4 specialised to receive, process and transmit messages Dendrites: Receive signals from other neurons Axon: Long fibre that carries messages to axon terminals, which transmit to other cells
CHAPTER 3 The Měÿcěš¿ÿ‘ešečaš Sōÿče« Bones, muscles, joints, cartilage, tendons and ligaments working in concert 4 controlled by the nervous system.
The Měÿcěš¿ÿ‘ešečaš Sōÿče« The musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, muscles, joints, cartilage, tendons and ligaments. Helps us stand upright, move, maintain posture Protects delicate internal organs Functions under the control of the nervous system 12315% Of B¿dō Weughč Adult human skeleton as a proportion of total body weight
Types of Joints Ball Socket Shoulder, hip 4 forward, backward, sideways and circular movements Hinge Joint Elbow, knee 4 bends and straightens in one direction only Pivot Joint Neck (skull to backbone) 4 allows head to move side to side Fixed Joint Skull bones 4 no movement; protects the brain
The S‘ešečaš Sōÿče« Veñčebñaš C¿šě«± (Séu±e) Series of small bones (vertebrae) 4 supports body; cartilage discs between vertebrae allow bending and twisting Rub Cage 12 pairs of ribs 4 protects heart and lungs; flexible cartilage allows expansion during breathing S‘ěšš Flat bones joined by fixed joints 4 protects brain, eyes and ears from injury
Totipotency 4 Science in Focus F. C. Steward's Landmark Experiment (1958) Steward grew a complete carrot plant from a single phloem cell 4 proving that mature plant cells retain all the genetic information needed to develop into a full organism. Redifferenti ation Dedifferenti ation Differentiate d Cell Totipotency is the foundation of modern plant tissue culture and crop improvement.
Key Takeaways for Revision ž Plant Tissues Meristematic (dividing) ³Permanent (specialised); Simple (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma) and Complex (xylem, phloem) Animal Tissues Epithelial (lining/protection), Connective (support), Muscular (movement), Nervous (control) | Musculoskeletal Bones + muscles + joints work together under nervous system control for movement, posture and protection D Core Principle Division of labour in tissues ³increased efficiency and complexity of the organism
Sources iesc103.pdf