Chapter 2 NATURAL^J MAN-MODIFIED^J AND MAN-MADE ENVIRONMENTS.pdf

Chapter 2 NATURAL^J MAN-MODIFIED^J AND MAN-MADE ENVIRONMENTS.pdf

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  Chapter 2: NATURAL,MAN- MODIFIED, AND MAN-MADE ENVIRONMENTS Shellajean M. Omar
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  Natural Environments • Naturalenvironments refer to geographical areas and ecosystems that have developed without significant human intervention or alteration. • shaped by natural processes, such as geological forces, climate, and ecological interactions, and they typically exhibit a high degree of biodiversity and ecological balance • Examples include forests, oceans, deserts, and wilderness areas.
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  Characteristics of NaturalEnvironments ❖ Pristine Ecosystems. Natural environments are largely untouched by direct human intervention, preserving ecosystems in their original state (Li & Chen, 2018). ❖ Biodiversity. These environments showcase rich biodiversity, with diverse flora and fauna coexisting in ecological harmony (Hanson, 2020). ❖ Natural Processes. Natural processes, such as erosion, weathering, and ecological succession, shape these environments over time (Wu, 2022). ❖ Balance. Ecosystems in natural environments tend to maintain a delicate balance, with predator-prey relationships and nutrient cycling crucial to their stability (Li & Chen, 2018). ❖ Limited Human Influence. Human impact is minimal, and these environments serve as reference points for studying ecosystems in their purest form (Hanson, 2020).
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  Some Examples of Natural Environments Tropical Rainforests CoralReefs Desert Dunes Polar Tundra Ocean Abyss
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  Tubbataha Reefs NaturalPark strongly protects rich coral reef ecosystems in the Coral Triangle, the global center of marine biodiversity
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  Desert dunes androcks, Algerian Sahara
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  A real lifeexample of a Polar Tundra is Antarctica which is a continent.
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  Mariana Trench: Thedeepest ocean abyss known to mankind
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  Man-Modified Environments • Man-modifiedenvironments, also known as human-altered environments, are geographical areas that have undergone deliberate changes or interventions by humans to serve specific purposes (Williams et al., 2020). • These modifications can include activities like agriculture, urbanization, forestry, and land development. • While they may still retain elements of their natural state, man-modified environments exhibit noticeable human influence and often require ongoing management.
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  Characteristics of Man-ModifiedEnvironments ❖ Human Intervention. Man-modified environments exhibit varying degrees of human influence through activities like agriculture, forestry, and controlled land development (Williams et al., 2020). ❖ Altered Landscapes. Natural landscapes are often altered to suit human needs, resulting in changes to terrain, vegetation, and waterways (Hansen, 2023). ❖ Resource Utilization. These environments are frequently used for resource extraction, farming, or housing, reflecting a utilitarian approach (Smith, 2021). ❖ Ecological Consequences. Human modifications can disrupt ecosystems, leading to habitat loss, fragmentation, and changes in species composition (Chen & Li, 2019). ❖ Managed Systems. Man-modified environments often require management practices to sustainably balance human utilization and environmental preservation (Hansen, 2023).
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  Some Examples of Man-Modified Environments Agricultural Fields UrbanParks Managed Forests Fish Hatcheries Golf Courses
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  The Dieng Plateausits high in the mountains of Java. The Dieng Plateau’s rich volcanic soil makes the area ideal for farming and growing crops.
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  The Golden GatePark of San Francisco was built in 1870 from over 1,000 acres of sand dunes.
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  large fish farming- breeding unit of sea bass and sea bream in huge round cages with latest technology automatic feeding system, calm deep sea of Anemokambi, Galaxidi, Greece
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  MSU Marawi CampusGolf Course
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  Man-Made Environments • Man-madeenvironments, also known as artificial environments or synthetic environments, are entirely human-created spaces that do not exist naturally in the world (Smith, 2021). • These environments are the product of human engineering, design, and construction and are tailored for specific human purposes, such as commerce, habitation, or entertainment.
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  Characteristics of Man-MadeEnvironments ❖ Human-Created. Man-made environments are entirely crafted by human hands, encompassing urban areas, infrastructure, and artificial constructs (Smith, 2021). ❖ Technological Influence. Advanced technology and engineering play a pivotal role in shaping these environments, from skyscrapers to transportation networks (Chan, 2019). ❖ Human-Dominated. Human populations dominate man-made environments, leading to high population density and cultural diversity (Nelson, 2022). ❖ Built for Functionality. These environments are designed for specific purposes, such as commerce, residential living, or industrial production (Smith, 2021). ❖ Environmental Challenges. Managing environmental impact and sustainability is a critical concern in man-made environments, with issues like pollution and resource consumption requiring careful attention and mitigation (Chan, 2019).
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  Some Examples of Man-Made Environments Metropolitan Cities Shoppingmalls Industrial Zones Space Stations Theme Parks
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  China’s Smart Cities
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  Industrial zone inShunan, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
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  NASA and SpaceXAre Building the Most Advanced Space Station
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  Enchanted Kingdom, locatedin Laguna, is one of the oldest and most popular theme parks in the Philippines.
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  Natural environments
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  Man-modified environments
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  Man-made environments
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  What environment do youprefer?